ArticleViruses2021
Meningitis Caused by the Live Varicella Vaccine Virus: Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing, Immunology Exome Sequencing and Cytokine Multiplex Profiling.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis: A Systematic Review of Case Series and Case Reports.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Pooled it
- Serious neurological adverse events in immunocompetent children and adolescents caused by viral reactivation in the years following varicella vaccination.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Sequelae of viral CNS infections including outcomes, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Perspectives on the History and Epidemiology of the Varicella Virus Vaccine and Future Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Detection of Varicella Zoster Virus Reactivation in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Insights into pathologic mechanisms occurring during serious adverse events following live zoster vaccination.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Coagulation functions and factors correlated with central nervous system infection in herpes zoster patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Predictive value of blood routine-derived inflammation indexes for varicella-zoster virus meningitis in patients with acute herpes zoster.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Varicella-Zoster Disease of the Central Nervous System in Immunocompetent Children: Case Series and a Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Human herpesvirus 7 meningitis in an adolescent with normal immune function: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Case Report: Taking action or standing by: managing a preterm neonate at the risk of neonatal varicella by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Varicella-zoster virus proteome-wide T-cell screening demonstrates low prevalence of virus-specific CD8 T-cells in latently infected human trigeminal ganglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Meningitis caused by the varicella vaccine virus in 17 immunized children and adolescents from the United States, Europe, and Japan.Annals of the Child Neurology Society · 2023Review
- Meningitis without Rash after Reactivation of Varicella Vaccine Strain in a 12-Year-Old Immunocompetent Boy.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Real-time metagenomics-based diagnosis of community-acquired meningitis: A prospective series, southern France.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Performance of Nanopore and Illumina Metagenomic Sequencing for Pathogen Detection and Transcriptome Analysis in Infantile Central Nervous System Infections.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Zoster Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Child after COVID-19 Vaccination, California, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing technique for diagnosing a specific case of necrotizing meningoencephalitis caused by human herpesvirus 2.Open life sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Varicella vaccine meningitis is an uncommon delayed adverse event of vaccination. Varicella vaccine meningitis has been diagnosed in 12 children, of whom 3 were immunocompromised. We now report two additional cases of vaccine meningitis in twice-immunized immunocompetent children and we perform further testing on a prior third case. We used three methods to diagnose or investigate cases of varicella vaccine meningitis, none of which have been used previously on this disease. These include metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cytokine multiplex profiling of cerebrospinal fluid and immunology exome analysis of white blood cells. In one new case, the diagnosis was confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid. Both varicella vaccine virus and human herpesvirus 7 DNA were detected. We performed cytokine multiplex profiling on the cerebrospinal fluid of two cases and found ten elevated biomarkers: interferon gamma, interleukins IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17F, chemokines CXCL-9, CXCL-10, CCL-2, and G-CSF. In a second new case, we performed immunology exome sequencing on a panel of 356 genes, but no errors were found. After a review of all 14 cases, we concluded that (i) there is no common explanation for this adverse event, but (ii) ingestion of an oral corticosteroid burst 3-4 weeks before onset of vaccine meningitis may be a risk factor in some cases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.