ReviewViruses2021
Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Bovine Leukemia Virus: Global Prevalence and Localized Resurgence in China Revealed by an Integrated Meta-Analysis and Case Series.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Computational identification of conserved B- and T-cell epitopes for multi-epitope peptide vaccine design against bovine leukemia virus.Virus genes · 2026Article
- Distribution and influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms affecting bovine leukemia virus proviral load in semen and progeny derived from semen in Japanese Black cattle.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Evaluation of bovine leukaemia virus infection control measures in Japanese Black beef cattle breeding farms: A 7-year longitudinal study based on proviral load.Veterinary record open · 2026Article
- Field investigation of bovine leukemia virus:Journal of veterinary science · 2026Article
- Genetic Diversity of the BLVPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- High-throughput detection of bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 alleles associated with resistance to bovine leukemia virus using a rapid allele-specific PCR assay.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Reevaluating the economic impact of bovine leukemia virus in beef production: No association between infection and carcass weight in Japanese Black cattle.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Tissue distribution and quantification of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA in cows after a long-term infection with wild-type strains and the attenuated BLV vaccine strain.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- First Evidence of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Culicoides Biting Midges and the Stable Fly Stomoxys calcitrans Collected on Cattle Farms in Poland.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Differential protein abundance in colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles from bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle are implicated in immune regulation and inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- First Identification ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Complexity of Bovine Leukemia Virus Oncogenesis.Viruses · 2025Review
- Importance of continuous monitoring of bovine leukaemia virus infection on farms in bovine leukaemia virus-endemic areas of Japan.Veterinary record open · 2025Article
- Virological perspectives of the current situation of oncogenic viruses in Egypt: a review.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Review
- Polymorphism ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and application of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and genotyping of bovine leukemia virus in cattle from Kazakhstan.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that is closely related to human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). It causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most important neoplastic disease in cattle. Most BLV-infected cattle are asymptomatic, which potentiates extremely high shedding rates of the virus in many cattle populations. Approximately 30% of them show persistent lymphocytosis that has various clinical outcomes; only a small proportion of animals (less than 5%) exhibit signs of EBL. BLV causes major economic losses in the cattle industry, especially in dairy farms. Direct costs are due to a decrease in animal productivity and in cow longevity; indirect costs are caused by restrictions that are placed on the import of animals and animal products from infected areas. Most European regions have implemented an efficient eradication programme, yet BLV prevalence remains high worldwide. Control of the disease is not feasible because there is no effective vaccine against it. Therefore, detection and early diagnosis of the disease are essential in order to diminish its spreading and the economic losses it causes. This review comprises an overview of bovine leukosis, which highlights the epidemiology of the disease, diagnostic tests that are used and effective control strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.