ReviewViruses2021
Unravelling the Immunomodulatory Effects of Viral Ion Channels, towards the Treatment of Disease.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of E5 from HPV16 in the Evasion of the Immune Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Advances in Viroporin Function and Structure: A Comparative Analysis of Alphavirus 6K with Well-Characterized Viroporins.Viruses · 2025Review
- Viral manipulation of the HLA class I antigen processing and presentation pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Predicting viral proteins that evade the innate immune system: a machine learning-based immunoinformatics tool.BMC bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Prospects for the use of viral proteins for the construction of chimeric toxins.Archives of virology · 2024Review
- Post-infection treatment with the E protein inhibitor BIT225 reduces disease severity and increases survival of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice infected with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Article
- Regulation of pain neurotransmitters and chondrocytes metabolism mediated by voltage-gated ion channels: A narrative review.Heliyon · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF3a use distinct mechanisms to down-regulate MHC-I surface expression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Reply to: How Many SARS-CoV-2 "Viroporins" Are Really Ion Channels?Communications biology · 2022Article
- Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF3a use distinct mechanisms to downregulate MHC-I surface expression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- Ion Channels and Transporters as Therapeutic Agents: From Biomolecules to Supramolecular Medicinal Chemistry.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- A novel diG motif in ORF3a protein of SARS-Cov-2 for intracellular transport.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Understanding the Role of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a in Viral Pathogenesis and COVID-19.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for the research community to develop a better understanding of viruses, in particular their modes of infection and replicative lifecycles, to aid in the development of novel vaccines and much needed anti-viral therapeutics. Several viruses express proteins capable of forming pores in host cellular membranes, termed "Viroporins". They are a family of small hydrophobic proteins, with at least one amphipathic domain, which characteristically form oligomeric structures with central hydrophilic domains. Consequently, they can facilitate the transport of ions through the hydrophilic core. Viroporins localise to host membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum and regulate ion homeostasis creating a favourable environment for viral infection. Viroporins also contribute to viral immune evasion via several mechanisms. Given that viroporins are often essential for virion assembly and egress, and as their structural features tend to be evolutionarily conserved, they are attractive targets for anti-viral therapeutics. This review discusses the current knowledge of several viroporins, namely Influenza A virus (IAV) M2, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Viral protein U (Vpu), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) p7, Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-16 E5, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Open Reading Frame (ORF)3a and Polyomavirus agnoprotein. We highlight the intricate but broad immunomodulatory effects of these viroporins and discuss the current antiviral therapies that target them; continually highlighting the need for future investigations to focus on novel therapeutics in the treatment of existing and future emergent viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.