Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34834903›Full record

ArticlePlants (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Influence of Glycine Betaine (Natural and Synthetic) on Growth, Metabolism and Yield Production of Drought-Stressed Maize (

Sidra Shafiq, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Muhammad Ashraf, Pedro García-Caparrós, Omar M Ali, Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
11.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Glycine Betaine-Induced Metabolic Responses Under Heat and Cold Stress inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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  15. Article
  16. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  17. HeterologousInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Sidra ShafiqDepartment of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-7388-8643
Nudrat Aisha AkramDepartment of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-9140-8252
Muhammad AshrafDepartment of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Pedro García-CaparrósDepartment of Agronomy, Polytechnic School, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
Omar M AliDepartment of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-2653-1542
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel LatefBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0001-5244-4832
Government College University, Faisalabad · PKSouth Valley University · EGTaif University · SAUniversity of Agriculture Faisalabad · PKUniversity of Almería · ES

Funding

Higher Education Commission 5599
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of sugar beet extract (SBE) and glycine betaine (GB) in mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress on two maize cultivars. Seeds (caryopses) of two maize cultivars, Sadaf (drought-tolerant) and Sultan (drought-sensitive) were sown in plastic pots. Plants were subjected to different (100%, 75% and 60% field capacity (FC)) water regimes. Then, different levels of SBE (3% and 4%) and GB (3.65 and 3.84 g/L) were applied as a foliar spray after 30 days of water deficit stress. Drought stress significantly decreased plant growth and yield attributes, chlorophyll pigments, while it increased relative membrane permeability (RMP), levels of osmolytes (GB and proline), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolics and ascorbic acid as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes in both maize cultivars. Exogenous application via foliar spray with SBR or GB improved plant growth and yield attributes, chlorophyll pigments, osmolyte concentration, total phenolics, ascorbic acid and the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes (SOD, POD and catalase; CAT), but reduced leaf RMP and MDA concentration. The results obtained in this study exhibit the role of foliar-applied biostimulants (natural and synthetic compounds) in enhancing the growth and yield of maize cultivars by upregulating the oxidative defense system and osmoprotectant accumulation under water deficit conditions.

Indexed as

biostimulantsglycine betainemaizephytoextractwater deficit

Identifiers

PMID34834903
PMCPMC8619370
OpenAlexW3215719258

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.