ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Optimization of Hemoglobin Encapsulation within PLGA Nanoparticles and Their Investigation as Potential Oxygen Carriers.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxygen Permeable Dextran Nanogels as a Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier.Biomaterials research · 2026Article
- Dual-function hemoglobin-encapsulating ZIF-8 nanoparticles: Oxygen transport capability and carbonic anhydrase-like activity.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- PD-L1 targeting in triple negative breast cancer: in silico and in vitro validation of wasp venom peptide MP-1.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Advanced delivery systems for oxygen therapeutics: center around red blood cells.Therapeutic delivery · 2025Review
- Comparative Evaluation of UV-Vis Spectroscopy-Based Approaches for Hemoglobin Quantification: Method Selection and Practical Insights.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Structural optimization and prospect of constructing hemoglobin oxygen carriers based on hemoglobin.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Preparation of uniform-sized GeXIVA[1,2]-loaded PLGA microspheres as long-effective release system with high encapsulation efficiency.Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Dietary Heme-Containing Proteins: Structures, Applications, and Challenges.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Research of storable and ready-to-use artificial red blood cells (hemoglobin vesicles) for emergency medicine and other clinical applications.Frontiers in medical technology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) display the excellent oxygen-carrying properties of red blood cells, while overcoming some of the limitations of donor blood. Various encapsulation platforms have been explored to prepare HBOCs which aim to avoid or minimize the adverse effects caused by the administration of free Hb. Herein, we entrapped Hb within a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) core, prepared by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. We study the effect of the concentrations of Hb, PLGA, and emulsifier on the size, polydispersity (PDI), loading capacity (LC), and entrapment efficiency (EE) of the resulting Hb-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (HbNPs). Next, the ability of the HbNPs to reversibly bind and release oxygen was thoroughly evaluated. When needed, trehalose, a well-known protein stabilizer that has never been explored for the fabrication of HBOCs, was incorporated to preserve Hb's functionality. The optimized formulation had a size of 344 nm, a PDI of 0.172, a LC of 26.9%, and an EE of 40.7%. The HbNPs were imaged by microscopy and were further characterized by FTIR and CD spectroscopy to assess their chemical composition and structure. Finally, the ability of the encapsulated Hb to bind and release oxygen over several rounds was demonstrated, showing the preservation of its functionality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.