ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Co-Delivery of mRNA and pDNA Using Thermally Stabilized Coacervate-Based Core-Shell Nanosystems.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Decoding the tactics for coacervate pedestrian crossing the phospholipid membrane.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Emerging Non-Conventional Approaches in mRNA-LNP Formulation for Therapeutic Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Long-Term Stabilization and Storage of Peptide-Based Coacervate through Tyrosine-Rich Sequences and Polyphenol Network.Nano letters · 2025Article
- Mannose Targeting and Hydrophobic Tuning of Polycationic Vectors for Efficient Immunostimulatory CpG Delivery.ACS applied nano materials · 2025Article
- Smart coacervate microdroplets: biomimetic design, material innovations, and emerging applications in biomacromolecule delivery.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Coacervate-Based Delivery Systems: Bridging Fundamentals and Applications.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Review
- Realizing time-staggered expression of nucleic acid-encoded proteins by co-delivery of messenger RNA and plasmid DNA on a single nanocarrier.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Macromolecular Polymer Based Complexes: A Diverse Strategy for the Delivery of Nucleotides.Protein and peptide letters · 2024Review
- The use of RNA-based treatments in the field of cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Natural Polymeric Composites Derived from Animals, Plants, and Microbes for Vaccine Delivery and Adjuvant Applications: A Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Surface Design Options in Polymer- and Lipid-Based siRNA Nanoparticles Using Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Delivery Systems of Plasmid DNA and Messenger RNA for Advanced Therapies.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Peptide-based coacervates in therapeutic applications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Co-delivery of different species of protein-encoding polynucleotides, e.g., messenger RNA (mRNA) and plasmid DNA (pDNA), using the same nanocarrier is an interesting topic that remains scarcely researched in the field of nucleic acid delivery. The current study hence aims to explore the possibility of the simultaneous delivery of mRNA (mCherry) and pDNA (pAmCyan) using a single nanocarrier. The latter is based on gelatin type A, a biocompatible, and biodegradable biopolymer of broad pharmaceutical application. A core-shell nanostructure is designed with a thermally stabilized gelatin-pDNA coacervate in its center. Thermal stabilization enhances the core's colloidal stability and pDNA shielding effect against nucleases as confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and gel electrophoresis, respectively. The stabilized, pDNA-loaded core is coated with the cationic peptide protamine sulfate to enable additional surface-loading with mRNA. The dual-loaded core-shell system transfects murine dendritic cell line DC2.4 with both fluorescent reporter mRNA and pDNA simultaneously, showing a transfection efficiency of 61.4 ± 21.6% for mRNA and 37.6 ± 19.45% for pDNA, 48 h post-treatment, whereas established commercial, experimental, and clinical transfection reagents fail. Hence, the unique co-transfectional capacity and the negligible cytotoxicity of the reported system may hold prospects for vaccination among other downstream applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.