ReviewPharmaceutics2021
Bacterial Ghosts-Based Vaccine and Drug Delivery Systems.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Escherichia coli DH5α-loaded fenugreek extract: an effective anticancer combination against human breast cancer cell lines.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Personalized cancer vaccines: bridging immune-oncology and precision medicine for advanced therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Functional Activity of the Lysis Protein E From Phage ID52: Dependence on SecB for Efficient Host Cell Lysis.Biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Microencapsulation of Monascus Red Pigment Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ghosts: Process Optimization and Characterization.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Bacterial ghosts embedded in natural hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment.RSC advances · 2026Article
- A Chemically InducedVaccines · 2026Article
- Avian PathogenicVeterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Control of Salmonella in poultry: The role of host immunity and vaccines.Poultry science · 2025Review
- Microbiome-targeted nanoplatforms and engineering approaches in breast cancer therapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Oral Vaccination withVaccines · 2025Article
- Probiotic Bacteria as Therapeutics and Biohybrid Drug Carriers: Advances, Design Strategies, and Future Outlook.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Review
- Modulation of oral vaccine efficacy by the gut microbiota.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- A Simple and Rapid Method of Probiotic Bacterial Ghost Cell Preparation to Deliver Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Bioengineering Outer-Membrane Vesicles for Vaccine Development: Strategies, Advances, and Perspectives.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Breaking barriers: Smart vaccine platforms for cancer immunomodulation.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2025Review
- Research advancements in nanoparticles and cell-based drug delivery systems for the targeted killing of cancer cells.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Is Lactococcus lactis a Suitable Candidate for Use as a Vaccine Delivery System Against Helicobacter pylori?Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Review
- Navigating Fish Immunity: Focus on Mucosal Immunity and the Evolving Landscape of Mucosal Vaccines.Biology · 2024Review
- NovelHeliyon · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty bacterial envelopes of Gram-negative bacteria produced by controlled expressions of cloned gene E, forming a lysis tunnel structure within the envelope of the living bacteria. Globally, BGs have been used as vaccine delivery systems and vaccine adjuvants. There is an increasing interest in the development of novel delivery systems that are based on BGs for biomedical applications. Due to intact reservation of bacterial cell membranes, BGs have an inherent immunogenicity, which enables targeted drug delivery and controlled release. As carrier vehicles, BGs protect drugs from interference by external factors. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in BG-based delivery systems against tumors, inflammation, and infection, among others. Herein, we reviewed the preparation methods for BGs, interactions between BGs and the host, and further highlighted research progress in BG development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.