ReviewPharmaceutics2021
Ultrasound and Microbubbles for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases: From Preclinical Research towards Clinical Application.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery to the eye and critical insights to facilitate a timely path to the clinic.Theranostics · 2023Pooled it
- External stimuli-responsive drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye.Drug delivery · 2025Review
- Controlled Release of Molecules to Enhance Cell Survival and Regeneration.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Focused Ultrasound as a Novel Non-Invasive Method for the Delivery of Gold Nanoparticles to Retinal Ganglion Cells.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Review
- Ultrasound-Mediated Ocular Drug Delivery: From Physics and Instrumentation to Future Directions.Micromachines · 2023Review
- Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound for Drug Delivery to the Retina in an Ex Vivo Eye Model.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Posterior choroidal leiomyoma: new findings from a case and literature review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Stable Cavitation Interferes with AβJournal of chemical information and modeling · 2022Article
- Making waves: how ultrasound-targeted drug delivery is changing pharmaceutical approaches.Materials advances · 2022Review
- The Effect of Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound on Molecular Permeability across Cell Barriers.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Ultrasound stimulation for non-invasive visual prostheses.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The unique anatomy of the eye and the presence of various biological barriers make efficacious ocular drug delivery challenging, particularly in the treatment of posterior eye diseases. This review focuses on the combination of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) as a minimally invasive method to improve the efficacy and targeting of ocular drug delivery. An extensive overview is given of the in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the mechanical effects of ultrasound-driven microbubbles aiming to: (i) temporarily disrupt the blood-retina barrier in order to enhance the delivery of systemically administered drugs into the eye, (ii) induce intracellular uptake of anticancer drugs and macromolecules and (iii) achieve targeted delivery of genes, for the treatment of ocular malignancies and degenerative diseases. Finally, the safety and tolerability aspects of USMB, essential for the translation of USMB to the clinic, are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.