Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34834109›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Improvement of the Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano Oil by Encapsulation in Chitosan-Alginate Nanoparticles.

Krassimira Yoncheva, Niko Benbassat, Maya M Zaharieva, Lyudmila Dimitrova, Alexander Kroumov, Ivanka Spassova, Daniela Kovacheva, Hristo M Najdenski

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Development of OptimizedACS omega · 2025
    Article
  8. Antiviral Activity ofBiomedicines · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Krassimira YonchevaFaculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Niko BenbassatFaculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Maya M ZaharievaThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0001-8548-5649
Lyudmila DimitrovaThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-2577-5625
Alexander KroumovThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Ivanka SpassovaInstitute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-6059-9508
Daniela KovachevaInstitute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-1799-0851
Hristo M NajdenskiThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences · BGMedical University of Sofia · BG

Funding

Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National Research Programme "Innovative Low-Toxic Bioactive Systems for Precision Medicine (BioActiveMed) DО1-217 from 30 November 2018
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Oregano oil (OrO) possesses well-pronounced antimicrobial properties but its application is limited due to low water solubility and possible instability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility to incorporate OrO in an aqueous dispersion of chitosan-alginate nanoparticles and how this will affect its antimicrobial activity. The encapsulation of OrO was performed by emulsification and consequent electrostatic gelation of both polysaccharides. OrO-loaded nanoparticles (OrO-NP) have small size (320 nm) and negative charge (-25 mV). The data from FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analyses reveal successful encapsulation of the oil into the nanoparticles. The results of thermogravimetry suggest improved thermal stability of the encapsulated oil. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of OrO-NP determined on a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens (ISO 20776-1:2006) are 4-32-fold lower than those of OrO. OrO-NP inhibit the respiratory activity of the bacteria (MTT assay) to a lower extent than OrO; however, the minimal bactericidal concentrations still remain significantly lower. OrO-NP exhibit significantly lower in vitro cytotoxicity than pure OrO on the HaCaT cell line as determined by ISO 10993-5:2009. The irritation test (ISO 10993-10) shows no signs of irritation or edema on the application site. In conclusion, the nanodelivery system of oregano oil possesses strong antimicrobial activity and is promising for development of food additives.

Indexed as

AlginatesAnti-Bacterial AgentsChitosanOils, VolatileGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Positive BacteriaNanoparticlesOriganumAlginatesAnti-Bacterial AgentsChitosanOils, Volatileantimicrobial activitychitosan—alginate nanoparticlesin vitro cytotoxicityoregano oilskin irritation test

Identifiers

PMID34834109
PMCPMC8623404
OpenAlexW3217685798

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.