ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
A Structural Overview of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Pharmacological Ligands: From Macromolecules to Designed Peptidomimetics.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic antitumor effect of oroxylin A and donafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma through tumor protein p53 signaling pathway activation.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Perinatal depression impairs placental angiogenesis and fetal growth in mice: protective effects of betaine supplementation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Investigating the Structural and Functional Consequences of Pathogenic SNPs on Human VEGFA Dimer: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Study.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Discovery and validation of pyrrolopyrimidine-based VEGFR2 inhibitors targeting tumor angiogenesis via structure-based virtual screening, quantum chemical analysis, and in vitro assays.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2025Article
- Morphometric and Molecular Interplay in Hypertension-Induced Cardiac Remodeling with an Emphasis on the Potential Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Serum Resistant Polymer with Exceptional Endosomal Escape and mRNA Delivery Efficacy for CRISPR Gene Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family and the Immune System: Activators or Inhibitors?Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Lymphovascular Tumoral Emboli in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Result from Haptotaxis-Mediated Encircling Lymphangiogenesis.Lymphatics · 2024Article
- Implications of pregnancy on cardiometabolic disease risk: preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Review
- Rationale,RSC advances · 2024Article
- Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Vascular endothelial growth factor A: friend or foe in the pathogenesis of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- Towards a Unified Approach in Autoimmune Fibrotic Signalling Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- MicroRNA‑203a‑3p suppresses endothelial cell proliferation and invasion, and promotes apoptosis in hemangioma by inactivating the VEGF‑mediated PI3K/AKT pathway.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Cytokines: Can Cancer Get the Message?Cancers · 2022Review
- Pre-folding purification procedures for inclusion body-derived non-tagged cationic recombinant proteins with multiple disulfide bonds for efficient refolding.Biotechnology progressArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of cytokines plays a key role in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-A is the main member of this family, alongside placental growth factor (PlGF), VEGF-B/C/D in mammals, and VEGF-E/F in other organisms. To study the activities of these growth factors under physiological and pathological conditions, resulting in therapeutic applications in cancer and age-related macular degeneration, blocking ligands have been developed. These have mostly been large biomolecules like antibodies. Ligands with high affinities, at least in the nanomolar range, and accurate structural data from X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy have been described. They constitute the main focus of this overview, which evidences similarities and differences in their binding modes. For VEGF-A ligands, and to a limited extent also for PlGF, a transition is now observed towards developing smaller ligands like nanobodies and peptides. These include unnatural amino acids and chemical modifications for designed and improved properties, such as serum stability and greater affinity. However, this review also highlights the scarcity of such small molecular entities and the striking lack of small organic molecule ligands. It also shows the gap between the rather large array of ligands targeting VEGF-A and the general absence of ligands binding other VEGF members, besides some antibodies. Future developments in these directions are expected in the upcoming years, and the study of these growth factors and their promising therapeutic applications will be welcomed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.