Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34833739›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Multimodal Emotion Recognition on RAVDESS Dataset Using Transfer Learning.

Cristina Luna-Jiménez, David Griol, Zoraida Callejas, Ricardo Kleinlein, Juan M Montero, Fernando Fernández-Martínez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Cristina Luna-JiménezGrupo de Tecnología del Habla y Aprendizaje Automático (THAU Group), Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5369-856X
David GriolDepartment of Software Engineering, CITIC-UGR, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6266-5321
Zoraida CallejasDepartment of Software Engineering, CITIC-UGR, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8891-5237
Ricardo KleinleinGrupo de Tecnología del Habla y Aprendizaje Automático (THAU Group), Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7313-7601
Juan M MonteroGrupo de Tecnología del Habla y Aprendizaje Automático (THAU Group), Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7908-5400
Fernando Fernández-MartínezGrupo de Tecnología del Habla y Aprendizaje Automático (THAU Group), Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3877-0089

Funding

Agencia Estatas de Investigación FEDER, UEEuropean Commission Horizon2020 - grant agreement Nº 823907Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España PID2020-118112RB-C21Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España PID2020-118112RB-C22Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España TEC2017-84593-C2-1-RMinisterio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España TIN2017-85854-C4-4-RMinisterio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte PRE2018-083225
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emotion Recognition is attracting the attention of the research community due to the multiple areas where it can be applied, such as in healthcare or in road safety systems. In this paper, we propose a multimodal emotion recognition system that relies on speech and facial information. For the speech-based modality, we evaluated several transfer-learning techniques, more specifically, embedding extraction and Fine-Tuning. The best accuracy results were achieved when we fine-tuned the CNN-14 of the PANNs framework, confirming that the training was more robust when it did not start from scratch and the tasks were similar. Regarding the facial emotion recognizers, we propose a framework that consists of a pre-trained Spatial Transformer Network on saliency maps and facial images followed by a bi-LSTM with an attention mechanism. The error analysis reported that the frame-based systems could present some problems when they were used directly to solve a video-based task despite the domain adaptation, which opens a new line of research to discover new ways to correct this mismatch and take advantage of the embedded knowledge of these pre-trained models. Finally, from the combination of these two modalities with a late fusion strategy, we achieved 80.08% accuracy on the RAVDESS dataset on a subject-wise 5-CV evaluation, classifying eight emotions. The results revealed that these modalities carry relevant information to detect users' emotional state and their combination enables improvement of system performance.

Indexed as

EmotionsNeural Networks, ComputerLearningMachine LearningSpeechaudio–visual emotion recognitioncomputational paralinguisticsfacial emotion recognitionhuman–computer interactionspatial transformersspeech emotion recognitiontransfer learning

Identifiers

PMID34833739
PMCPMC8618559

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.