ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Cholemic Nephropathy as Cause of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease. Update on an Under-Diagnosed Disease.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between total bilirubin levels and the risk of acute kidney injury: a large hospital- based cohort study.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Liver-kidney crosstalk in primary biliary cholangitis: insights into the mechanisms of renal involvement.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sildenafil blunts cholestasis-associated cholemic nephropathy in a rat model of bile duct ligation.Clinical and experimental hepatology · 2025Article
- Article
- Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) Deletion Reduces Severity in Bilateral Nephrectomy Mice through Changes in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Mitochondrial Respiration.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Bile Cast Nephropathy Due to Hepatitis A-induced Hyperbilirubinemia: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cureus · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cholemic nephropathy (CN) is a recognized cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with severe hyperbilirubinemia (sHyb) and jaundice. Pathophysiological mechanisms of CN are not completely understood, but it seems caused both by direct toxicity of cholephiles and bile casts formation in nephrons enhanced by prolonged exposure to sHyb, particularly in the presence of promoting factors, as highlighted by a literature reviewed and by personal experience. The aim of our update is to retrace CN in its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment, underlining the role of sHyb, promoting factors, and CN-AKI diagnostic criteria in the different clinical settings associated with this often-concealed disease. Our purpose is to focus on clinical manifestation of CN, exploring the possible transition to CKD. Cholemic nephropathy is an overlooked clinical entity that enters differential diagnosis with other causes of AKI. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential because renal injury could be fully reversible as rapidly as bilirubin levels are reduced. In conclusion, our proposal is to introduce an alert for considering CN in diagnostic and prognostic scores that include bilirubin and/or creatinine with acute renal involvement, with the aim of early diagnosis and treatment of sHyb to reduce the burden on renal outcome.
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Registered trials
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