ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2021
High Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Children with Strabismus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from the National Health Insurance Research Database.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between eye disorders and the development of ADHD/ADD: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- A Meta-Analysis of Association Between Strabismus in Children/Adolescents and Risk of Mental Health Disorders.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Strabismus and Pediatric Psychiatric Illness: A Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Tocolytic Treatment for the Prevention of Preterm Birth from a Taiwanese Perspective: A Survey of Taiwanese Obstetric Specialists.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Strabismus is associated with amblyopia and a lower quality of life. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among children and adolescents, and influences their academic, vocational, and social life. Previous studies have suggested an association between strabismus and ADHD. Using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2010, we performed a large-scale cohort study comparing the incidence, risk factors, and severity of ADHD in children with and without strabismus. A total of 2049 patients <18 years old with newly diagnosed strabismus (esotropia: 404; exotropia: 1645) were identified, and 8196 age- and sex-matched controls without strabismus were also included. After an average of 6.5 ± 2.9 years of follow-up, the incidence of ADHD per 1000 person-years was 5.39 in the strabismus group (esotropia: 9.93; exotropia: 4.11) and 3.23 in the control group. The cumulative incidence of ADHD was significantly greater in the esotropia (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.36-3.06;
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