ArticleMembranes2021
Extracellular Vesicles Tropism: A Comparative Study between Passive Innate Tropism and the Active Engineered Targeting Capability of Lymphocyte-Derived EVs.
Article in Membranes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Osmotic Remodeling of Extracellular Vesicles for Precision Nanomedicine.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities for Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pharmaceutical Development: A European and Global Perspective.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Review
- Germ cell-directed exosomal delivery enables in vivo genetic modification in birds.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Hydrogel Embedding of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Supports Extracellular Vesicle Production.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- The avatar principle: exosomal dynamics guiding tumor adaptation and next-generation therapeutic strategies.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- The efficacy of oligonucleotide-based gene therapeutics in gene silencing.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Exosome-Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy in Cancer: Emerging Synergies and Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancers · 2025Review
- A Deep Learning Approach for Tracking Colorectal Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Colon and Lung Models.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Spheroid-Exosome-Based Bioprinting Technology in Regenerative Medicine.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Review
- An Overview on the Physiopathology of the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Central Nervous System Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Defining tropism and activity of natural and engineered extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- An ex vivo model of interactions between extracellular vesicles and peripheral mononuclear blood cells in whole blood.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2023Article
- Biomimicking Extracellular Vesicles with Fully Artificial Ones: A Rational Design of EV-BIOMIMETICS toward Effective Theranostic Tools in Nanomedicine.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2023Review
- Comparative Studies of Different Preservation Methods and Relative Freeze-Drying Formulations for Extracellular Vesicle Pharmaceutical Applications.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2023Article
- Production and Utility of Extracellular Vesicles with 3D Culture Methods.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases.Molecular biomedicine · 2023Review
- Nanotechnological engineering of extracellular vesicles for the development of actively targeted hybrid nanodevices.Cell & bioscience · 2022Article
- Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles From Microalgae: A Renewable and Scalable Bioprocess.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Messenger roles of extracellular vesicles during fertilization of gametes, development and implantation: Recent advances.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cellular communications take place thanks to a well-connected network of chemical-physical signals, biomolecules, growth factors, and vesicular messengers that travel inside or between cells. A deep knowledge of the extracellular vesicle (EV) system allows for a better understanding of the whole series of phenomena responsible for cell proliferation and death. To this purpose, here, a thorough immuno-phenotypic characterization of B-cell EV membranes is presented. Furthermore, the cellular membrane of B lymphocytes, Burkitt lymphoma, and human myeloid leukemic cells were characterized through cytofluorimetry assays and fluorescent microscopy analysis. Through cytotoxicity and internalization tests, the tropism of B lymphocyte-derived EVs was investigated toward the parental cell line and two different cancer cell lines. In this study, an innate capability of passive targeting of the native EVs was distinguished from the active targeting capability of monoclonal antibody-engineered EVs, able to selectively drive the vesicles, enhancing their internalization into the target cancer cells. In particular, the specific targeting ability of anti-CD20 engineered EVs towards Daudi cells, highly expressing CD20 marker on their cell membrane, was proved, while almost no internalization events were observed in HL60 cells, since they did not express an appreciable amount of the CD20 marker on their plasma membranes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.