ReviewMembranes2021
Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation: What to Use, What to Avoid, and How to Quantify the Results.
Review in Membranes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bottom-up Strategies for Generating Polymer Protocells That Mimic Cellular Communication.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy to Examine Protein-Lipid Interactions in Membranes.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Rapid Multi-Well Evaluation of Assorted Materials for Hydrogel-Assisted Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Production: Empowering Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- "Head-to-Toe" Lipid Properties Govern the Binding and Cargo Transfer of High-Density Lipoprotein.Membranes · 2024Article
- A small-molecule carrier for the intracellular delivery of a membrane-impermeable protein with retained bioactivity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
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- A synthetic method to assay polycystin channel biophysics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Electroformation of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles from Damp Lipid Films with a Focus on Vesicles with High Cholesterol Content.Membranes · 2024Article
- An Efficient Method for the Production of High-Purity Bioinspired Large Unilamellar Vesicles.ACS synthetic biology · 2024Article
- Synthetic Cells Revisited: Artificial Cells Construction Using Polymeric Building Blocks.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Electroformation of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles from Damp Lipid Films Formed by Vesicle Fusion.Membranes · 2023Article
- Membrane Models and Experiments Suitable for Studies of the Cholesterol Bilayer Domains.Membranes · 2023Review
- DisGUVery: A Versatile Open-Source Software for High-Throughput Image Analysis of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles.ACS synthetic biology · 2023Article
- Cholesterol and M2 Rendezvous in Budding and Scission of Influenza A Virus.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2023Article
- Optimization of Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation for Phosphatidylcholine/Sphingomyelin/Cholesterol Ternary Mixtures.Membranes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Since its inception more than thirty years ago, electroformation has become the most commonly used method for growing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Although the method seems quite straightforward at first, researchers must consider the interplay of a large number of parameters, different lipid compositions, and internal solutions in order to avoid artifactual results or reproducibility problems. These issues motivated us to write a short review of the most recent methodological developments and possible pitfalls. Additionally, since traditional manual analysis can lead to biased results, we have included a discussion on methods for automatic analysis of GUVs. Finally, we discuss possible improvements in the preparation of GUVs containing high cholesterol contents in order to avoid the formation of artifactual cholesterol crystals. We intend this review to be a reference for those trying to decide what parameters to use as well as an overview providing insight into problems not yet addressed or solved.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.