SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 118 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Smartphone Addiction and Isometric Rotator Cuff Muscles Strength Among Adults
Evaluation D'une Application D'éducation Thérapeutique Dans La Prise En Charge De Jeunes Ayant Un Usage Modéré Ou Problématique Des Écrans
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 249 citations in OpenAlex.
- Problematic smartphone use and academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2024Pooled it
- The relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep among medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Structural and Functional Neural Correlates in Individuals with Excessive Smartphone Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- More boring, more craving for smartphone use? The moderating role of fear of missing out.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Trial
- The Mediating Effect of Smartphone Distraction Between Nomophobia and Intuitive Eating Among Lebanese Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Objective Smartphone Screen Time Monitoring Among Caregivers of Preschool-Aged Children: Reliability Study of Monitoring Duration.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Linking Maternal Problematic Smartphone Use to Maternal Hostility and Warmth Toward Children: A Daily Diary Study of Chinese Families.Family process · 2026Article
- The Mediating Roles of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity in the Association Between Smartphone Addiction and Physical Fitness Among College Students.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Differences in Internalizing Problems Across Risk Groups of Smartphone Addiction: Simulation-Based Network Analysis of Intervention Targets.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The effects of phone addiction on nursing students' health.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Excessive Smartphone Use as a Risk Factor for Clinical Signs Compatible with De Quervain's Tenosynovitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Smartphone addiction as utility-reducing consumption: evidence from university students in Bangladesh.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Attention problems statistically mediate the association between mobile phone addiction and mental health and procrastination in Chinese college students.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association Between Electronic Device Usage, Physical Activity, and Sleep Quality Related to Cervicogenic Headache Among College Students in Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gender differences in smartphone addiction, physical activity, and quality of life: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
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- Individual and joint associations of smartphone addiction and work duration with job burnout in nursing interns: a multicenter cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- The Negative Mental Health Consequences of Social Media Use in South Africa: The Role of Smartphone Addiction.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multidimensional analysis of smartphone overuse in insomnia: Integrating digital phenotyping with clinical assessment.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2026Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmartphones play a critical role in increasing human-machine interactions, with many advantages. However, the growing popularity of smartphone use has led to smartphone overuse and addiction. This review aims to systematically investigate the impact of smartphone addiction on health outcomes.
methodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to carry out the systematic review. Five electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to identify eligible studies. Eligible studies were screened against predetermined inclusion criteria and data were extracted according to the review questions. This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181404). The quality of the articles was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.
resultsA total of 27 of 2550 articles met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies were cross-sectional and focused on physical, mental, and neurological health outcomes. The majority of the studies focused on mental health outcomes and consistent associations were observed between smartphone addiction and several mental health outcomes. Anxiety and depression were commonly found to mediate mental health problems. A wide range of physical health sequelae was also associated with smartphone addiction. Furthermore, there was an association between smartphone addiction and neurological disorders.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that there are consistent associations between smartphone addiction and physical and mental health, especially mental health. Social awareness campaigns about smartphone addiction and its impact on physical and mental health are needed. Further studies, especially randomized controlled trials, are warranted to validate the impacts of smartphone addiction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.