Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34831926›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Spatial Clustering of County-Level COVID-19 Rates in the U.S.

Marcus R Andrews, Kosuke Tamura, Janae N Best, Joniqua N Ceasar, Kaylin G Batey, Troy A Kearse, Lavell V Allen, Yvonne Baumer, Billy S Collins, Valerie M Mitchell and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. A Model for Highly Fluctuating Spatio-Temporal Infection Data, with Applications to the COVID Epidemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Marcus R AndrewsDepartment of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1450 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3281-1249
Kosuke TamuraNeighborhood Social and Geospatial Determinants of Health Disparities Laboratory, Population and Community Health Sciences Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4920-2856
Janae N BestDepartment of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1450 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Joniqua N CeasarDepartment of Medicine, Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency, Johns Hopkins University, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Kaylin G BateyCollege of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street MN 150, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
Troy A KearseDepartment of Psychology, Howard University, 525 Bryant Street, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
Lavell V AllenDepartment of Public Health, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2331-7735
Yvonne BaumerSocial Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7400-0773
Billy S CollinsSocial Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Valerie M MitchellSocial Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Tiffany M Powell-WileySocial Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9488-4131

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the widespread prevalence of cases associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, little is known about the spatial clustering of COVID-19 in the United States. Data on COVID-19 cases were used to identify U.S. counties that have both high and low COVID-19 incident proportions and clusters. Our results suggest that there are a variety of sociodemographic variables that are associated with the severity of COVID-19 county-level incident proportions. As the pandemic evolved, communities of color were disproportionately impacted. Subsequently, it shifted from communities of color and metropolitan areas to rural areas in the U.S. Our final period showed limited differences in county characteristics, suggesting that COVID-19 infections were more widespread. The findings might address the systemic barriers and health disparities that may result in high incident proportions of COVID-19 clusters.

Indexed as

COVID-19Cluster AnalysisHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Spatial AnalysisUnited Statesapplied spatial statisticsCOVID-19geographic information systems

Identifiers

PMID34831926
PMCPMC8622138

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.