ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Assess the Immune-Related Effects of Nanomaterials.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune-competent new approach methodologies for a hybrid future.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical study and the diagnosis of lumpy skin disease in cattle using genomic, immunological, and pathological indicators.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune-Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Pollutants: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Transgenerational Impact.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Safety of Zein Nanoparticles on Human Innate Immunity and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Safety and practicality of an excisional lymph node study driving HIV cure research in South Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Health Benefits of Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds in the Fruits and Leaves ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Hematological and serum biochemical parameters and profiling of cytokine genes in lumpy skin disease in Vrindavani cattle.3 Biotech · 2023Article
- Immortalized murine tenocyte cells: a novel and innovative tool for tendon research.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- An Evolutionary and Environmental Perspective of the Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunological safety of drugs, nanomaterials and contaminants is a central point in the regulatory evaluation and safety monitoring of working and public places and of the environment. In fact, anomalies in immune responses may cause diseases and hamper the physical and functional integrity of living organisms, from plants to human beings. In the case of nanomaterials, many experimental models are used for assessing their immunosafety, some of which have been adopted by regulatory bodies. All of them, however, suffer from shortcomings and approximations, and may be inaccurate in representing real-life responses, thereby leading to incomplete, incorrect or even misleading predictions. Here, we review the advantages and disadvantages of current nanoimmunosafety models, comparing in vivo vs. in vitro models and examining the use of animal vs. human cells, primary vs. transformed cells, complex multicellular and 3D models, organoids and organs-on-chip, in view of implementing a reliable and personalized nanoimmunosafety testing. The general conclusion is that the choice of testing models is key for obtaining reliable predictive information, and therefore special attention should be devoted to selecting the most relevant and realistic suite of models in order to generate relevant information that can allow for safer-by-design nanotechnological developments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.