ArticleCells2021
Deleterious Role of Th9 Cells in Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Convergent Microenvironment Linking Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in pulmonary fibrosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Astragalus Mongholicus for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatment: From Molecules to Systems.Current molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Integrating mechanical cues inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Activation of TSLP-IL-9 Axis Hinders the Antifibrotic Effect of ST2 Deficiency in Pulmonary Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Th9/IL-9 axis mediates airway fibrosis in traumatic tracheal stenosis via TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Induction and characterization of oral submucous fibrosis model with different pathological stages in rats and mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sustained Release of Antifibrotic Nintedanib from Polymer Microparticles Reduces Dosing Frequency While Reducing Inflammation in Murine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Review
- Predicting biomarkers of progressive pulmonary fibrosis: morphological, cytokine profile, and clinical portrait.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Interleukin-9 promotes EMT-mediated PMArchives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell application in pulmonary disease treatment with emphasis on their interaction with lung-resident immune cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Notch signaling regulates pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Fibrosis and bone marrow: understanding causation and pathobiology.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Contribution of αβ T cells to macrophage polarization and MSC recruitment and proliferation on titanium implants.Acta biomaterialia · 2023Article
- Review
- Elevated expression of macrophage MERTK exhibits profibrotic effects and results in defective regulation of efferocytosis function in pulmonary fibrosis.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Fibrosis: Types, Effects, Markers, Mechanisms for Disease Progression, and Its Relation with Oxidative Stress, Immunity, and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease of unknown etiology. Immune disorders play an important role in IPF pathogenesis. Here, we show that Th9 cells differentiate and activate in the lung tissue of patients with IPF and bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis mice. Moreover, we found that Th9 cells promote pulmonary fibrosis in two ways. On the one hand, Th9 cells promote fibroblast differentiation, activation, and collagen secretion by secreting IL-9. On the other hand, they promote differentiation of Th0 cells into Th2 cells by secreting IL-4. Th9 cells and Th2 cells can promote each other, accelerating the Th1/Th2 imbalance and eventually forming a positive feedback of pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, we found that neutralizing IL-9 in both preventive and therapeutic settings ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, we identified several critical signaling pathways involved in the effect of neutralizing IL-9 on pulmonary fibrosis by proteomics study. From an immunological perspective, we elucidated the novel role and underlying mechanism of Th9 cells in pulmonary fibrosis. Our study suggested that Th9-based immunotherapy may be employed as a treatment strategy for IPF.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.