ArticleCells2021
Polarization of Type 1 Macrophages Is Associated with the Severity of Viral Encephalitis Caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Dengue Virus.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting phospholipase A2 with arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone modulates macrophage activation during Japanese encephalitis virus infection.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption in Japanese encephalitis virus infection: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and intervention strategies.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic and bioinformatics analysis reveals the host response feature and potential treatment strategy of patients with dengue fever.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Myeloid miR-155 deficiency exacerbates viral encephalitis by hindering M1 macrophage polarization due to impaired NLRP3 inflammasome activation in extraneural tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Prominent fibroblast growth factor 21 with less abundant tumor-associated macrophages in hepatic mass of the conditional mgmt-deleted mice using LysM-Cre system.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Restriction of Zika Virus Replication in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages by Pro-Inflammatory (M1) Polarization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Pharmacological inhibition of the RhoA pathway by melatonin reduces viral replication and proinflammatory response against ZIKV and DENV-4 neuroinfections.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immunocompetent mouse models revealed that S100A4Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- A NovelInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Zika Virus Neuropathogenesis-Research and Understanding.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 enhances resistance to viral neuroinflammation by facilitating M1-polarization of macrophages at the extraneural tissues.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Galactomannan inhibits Trichinella spiralis invasion of intestinal epithelium cells and enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity related killing of larvae by driving macrophage polarization.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Article
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Neurologic Manifestations of Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Infections.Viruses · 2023Review
- Cholinergic Polarization of Human Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Deep Proteomics Network and Machine Learning Analysis of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection.Journal of proteome research · 2023Article
- Article
- Biological agents and the aging brain: glial inflammation and neurotoxic signaling.Frontiers in aging · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Infection with flaviviruses causes mild to severe diseases, including viral hemorrhagic fever, vascular shock syndrome, and viral encephalitis. Several animal models explore the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis, as shown by neuron destruction due to neurotoxicity after viral infection. While neuronal cells are injuries caused by inflammatory cytokine production following microglial/macrophage activation, the blockade of inflammatory cytokines can reduce neurotoxicity to improve the survival rate. This study investigated the involvement of macrophage phenotypes in facilitating CNS inflammation and neurotoxicity during flavivirus infection, including the Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus. Mice infected with different flaviviruses presented encephalitis-like symptoms, including limbic seizure and paralysis. Histology indicated that brain lesions were identified in the hippocampus and surrounded by mononuclear cells. In those regions, both the infiltrated macrophages and resident microglia were significantly increased. RNA-seq analysis showed the gene profile shifting toward type 1 macrophage (M1) polarization, while M1 markers validated this phenomenon. Pharmacologically blocking C-C chemokine receptor 2 and tumor necrosis factor-α partly retarded DENV-induced M1 polarization. In summary, flavivirus infection, such as JEV and DENV, promoted type 1 macrophage polarization in the brain associated with encephalitic severity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.