ReviewCells2021
Lymphocyte Counts and Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics: Between Mechanisms of Action and Treatment-Limiting Side Effects.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Disease-modifying therapies and hematological disorders: a systematic review of case reports and case series.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Beyond B Cell Depletion: Adhesion and Activation Network Remodeling During Repeated Intravenous Anti-CD20 Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Rewiring oncogenic signalling to precision ablation of metastatic cancer.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Under Immunocompromising Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Controversies in neuroimmunology: Multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating disordersBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Review
- A radiolabeled dendrimer non-invasively identifies and tracks innate immune cell activation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Predicting Multidrug-Resistant Pneumonia: An Interpretable Machine Learning Model Validated in US and Chinese Patient Cohorts.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Growth hormone restrains inflammatory activity of microglia/macrophages in CNS autoimmunity.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- LPX-TI641, a Tim3/4 Agonist, Induces Long-Term Immune Tolerance in Multiple Sclerosis Models.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Lymphopenia associated with sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1PRMs) in multiple sclerosis: analysis of European pharmacovigilance data.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Efficacy, Safety, and Adherence to Oral Drug Therapy in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Extensive T-Cell Profiling Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hematological markers as prognostic indicators in multiple sclerosis progression.Biomarkers in medicine · 2025Article
- Shaping the role of plasma exchange in autoimmune neurology: lessons learned from 67 years and over 90,000 procedures.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
- Predicting multiple sclerosis disease progression and outcomes with machine learning and MRI-based biomarkers: a review.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Lymphopenia is Not the Primary Therapeutic Mechanism of Diroximel Fumarate in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Subgroup Analyses of the EVOLVE-MS-1 Study.Neurology and therapy · 2024Article
- ACKR3 Antagonism Enhances the Repair of Demyelinated Lesions Through Both Immunomodulatory and Remyelinating Effects.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Discovery of Potent, Orally Bioavailable Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Transporter (Spns2) Inhibitors.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Translational Frontiers and Clinical Opportunities of Immunologically Fitted Radiotherapy.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Review
- Can treatment adverse events be optimized by switching between different sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators in multiple sclerosis? A case series.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the detailed pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not completely understood, a broad range of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are available. A common side effect of nearly every MS therapeutic agent is lymphopenia, which can be both beneficial and, in some cases, treatment-limiting. A sound knowledge of the underlying mechanism of action of the selected agent is required in order to understand treatment-associated changes in white blood cell counts, as well as monitoring consequences. This review is a comprehensive summary of the currently available DMTs with regard to their effects on lymphocyte count. In the first part, we describe important general information about the role of lymphocytes in the course of MS and the essentials of lymphopenic states. In the second part, we introduce the different DMTs according to their underlying mechanism of action, summarizing recommendations for lymphocyte monitoring and definitions of lymphocyte thresholds for different therapeutic regimens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.