ReviewCells2021
The Increasing Role of Kappa Free Light Chains in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07183020 (Prospective, Multicentric, Real-world Investigation of Kappa Free Light Chains), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prospective, Multicentric, Real-world Investigation of Kappa Free Light Chains (KFLC) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Pooled it
- The Use of Kappa Free Light Chains to Diagnose Multiple Sclerosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Kappa Free Light Chain for Diagnosis and Neurofilament Light Chain for Prognosis in Autoimmune Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Observational
- Applying the 2024-revised McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis using conventional diagnostic tools: a single-centre prospective cohort study in Germany.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic factors in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a narrative review.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- CSF κ-Free light chain index in suspected multiple sclerosis: diagnostic performance vs. Oligoclonal bands and alignment with 2017/2024 McDonald criteria.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- A Long-Term Prospective Evaluation of the Predictive Value of Molecular Markers in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients in the Early Stage of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- From the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial to Antibody-Mediated Optic Neuritis: Four Decades of Progress and Unanswered Questions.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Kappa free light chain index in multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory CNS diseases: a pilot single-center study from Argentina.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Kappa index: real-world study for assessing cut-off values that provide the best accuracy for multiple sclerosis diagnosis in patients with CIS.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pilot study of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers reveals inflammatory changes in patients with paranoid schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Multiple Sclerosis: From the Application of Oligoclonal Bands to Novel Potential Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Inter-assay diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- [Performance of the revised 2017 McDonald criteria].Der Nervenarzt · 2023Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: A consensus statement.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases with Central Nervous System Involvement.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Establishing the best combination of the kappa free light chain index and oligoclonal bands for an accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Saliva Free Light Chains in Patients with Neuro-Sjögren.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Free Light Chains (FLCs) Synthesis in Response to Exposure to SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Free light chains (FLC) are a promising biomarker to detect intrathecal inflammation in patients with inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The diagnostic use of this biomarker, in particular the kappa isoform of FLC ("KFLC"), has been investigated for more than 40 years. Based on an extensive literature review, we found that an agreement on the correct method for evaluating KFLC concentrations has not yet been reached. KFLC indices with varying cut-off values and blood-CSF-barrier (Q
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.