ReviewCells2021
The Role of GDF15 as a Myomitokine.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of exercise on GDF-15 levels in individuals with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Trial
- Effects of Individualized Step Targets on Physical Activity in COPD. A Randomized Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Trial
- Observational
- Adipokine-mediated metabolic responses across BMI in acute myocardial infarction.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Circulating levels of growth differentiation factor-15 and its genetic variants -3148C>G (rs4808793) in pediatric cardiac patients.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Meta-ERS: an exposome-based risk score using non-genetic factors to guide osteoporosis prevention.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Research progress on the biological function and molecular mechanism of GDF-15 in solid malignant tumors.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- The impact of bariatric and metabolic surgery on the levels of circulating growth differentiation factor 15 in humans.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- The Role of GDF-15 in Heart Failure and Biomarker Potential-From Basic Science to Clinical Praxis.Biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Associations Between Growth Differentiating Factor-15 and Frailty in Older Adults From the MAPT Study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as an Emerging Biomarker in Cardiology: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- An integrative approach to detecting potential blood-based biomarkers of cognitive frailty.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Observational
- Phase Angle Shows a Negative Correlation With Serum GDF-15 Concentrations in Hospitalized Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- Exercise-Induced Biomarker Modulation in Sarcopenia: From Inflamm-Aging to Muscle Regeneration.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Growth differentiation factor 15 alters intestinal barrier and increases permeability: A new molecular target in inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- GDF15: An emerging disease target and biomarker of metabolic diseases.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Adipokine Levels and Glucose Metabolism Responses to the Acute Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) and Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise (MICE) in Prediabetic Obese Men.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Exercise-regulated lipolysis: Its role and mechanism in health and diseases.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Protective Effects of Regular Physical Activity: Differential Expression ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine best known for affecting systemic energy metabolism through its anorectic action. GDF15 expression and secretion from various organs and tissues is induced in different physiological and pathophysiological states, often linked to mitochondrial stress, leading to highly variable circulating GDF15 levels. In skeletal muscle and the heart, the basal expression of GDF15 is very low compared to other organs, but GDF15 expression and secretion can be induced in various stress conditions, such as intense exercise and acute myocardial infarction, respectively. GDF15 is thus considered as a myokine and cardiokine. GFRAL, the exclusive receptor for GDF15, is expressed in hindbrain neurons and activation of the GDF15-GFRAL pathway is linked to an increased sympathetic outflow and possibly an activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis. There is also evidence for peripheral, direct effects of GDF15 on adipose tissue lipolysis and possible autocrine cardiac effects. Metabolic and behavioral outcomes of GDF15 signaling can be beneficial or detrimental, likely depending on the magnitude and duration of the GDF15 signal. This is especially apparent for GDF15 production in muscle, which can be induced both by exercise and by muscle disease states such as sarcopenia and mitochondrial myopathy.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.