ReviewCells2021
Small Extracellular Vesicles in Transplant Rejection.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Small extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: A double‑edged sword regulating inflammation and cartilage homeostasis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Proteomic profiling of plasma extracellular vesicles reveals a therapeutically targetable liver-heart axis in cardiac transplantation.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Exosomes as a biomarker in postoperative complications: a literature review.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Comparisons of miRNA profiles of exosomes derived from human iPSCs, ADSCs, and BMSCs and effects on chondrocyte function.Bone & joint research · 2025Article
- Melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles transfer proangiogenic factors.Oncology research · 2025Review
- The dual effects of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles on tumor cell behavior: mechanisms and clinical potential.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Challenges of MS-based small extracellular vesicles proteomics.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Review
- The efficacy of exosomes from human chemically derived hepatic progenitors in liver damage alleviation: a preclinical experimental study.Annals of surgical treatment and research · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles and Immune System Function: Exploring Novel Approaches to Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Exosomes as drug delivery systems in glioma immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Exosomes as Modulators and Biomarkers of Transplant Immunity.Current transplantation reports · 2023Article
- The roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- T Cell Microvilli: Finger-Shaped External Structures Linked to the Fate of T Cells.Immune network · 2023Review
- Treg Therapy for the Induction of Immune Tolerance in Transplantation-Not Lost in Translation?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Diabetes with kidney injury may change the abundance and cargo of urinary extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Physiopathological role of extracellular vesicles in alloimmunity and kidney transplantation and their use as biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Direct detection of circulating donor-derived extracellular vesicles in kidney transplant recipients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Urinary Exosomal Cystatin C and Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein as Biomarkers for Antibody-Mediated Rejection after Kidney Transplantation.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Immune Responses to Tissue-Associated Self-Antigens: Role in Solid Organ Transplantations.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV), which are released to body fluids (e.g., serum, urine) by all types of human cells, may stimulate or inhibit the innate and adaptive immune response through multiple mechanisms. Exosomes or sEV have on their surface many key receptors of immune response, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) components, identical to their cellular origin. They also exhibit an ability to carry antigen and target leukocytes either via interaction with cell surface receptors or intracellular delivery of inflammatory mediators, receptors, enzymes, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs. By the transfer of donor MHC antigens to recipient antigen presenting cells sEV may also contribute to T cell allorecognition and alloresponse. Here, we review the influence of sEV on the development of rejection or tolerance in the setting of solid organ and tissue allotransplantation. We also summarize and discuss potential applications of plasma and urinary sEV as biomarkers in the context of transplantation. We focus on the attempts to use sEV as a noninvasive approach to detecting allograft rejection. Preliminary studies show that both sEV total levels and a set of specific molecules included in their cargo may be an evidence of ongoing allograft rejection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.