ArticleCells2021
Milk Exosome-Derived MicroRNA-2478 Suppresses Melanogenesis through the Akt-GSK3β Pathway.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cooked meat-derived extracellular vesicles ssc-miR-1 induces metabolic disorders in the mice liver via PI3k/AKT pathway.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Non-coding RNA transcripts and their exosomal counterparts in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of skin cancers, with a focus on melanoma.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Herbal medicine for melanin regulation: biological synthesis, effective formulas/compounds, and biopharmaceutical methods.Journal of natural medicines · 2026Review
- Expanding Horizons: Next-Generation and Interdisciplinary Advances in the Applications of Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Review
- Meso-macroporous hydrogel for direct litre-scale isolation of extracellular vesicles.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Harnessing Mammalian- and Plant-Derived Exosomes for Drug Delivery: A Comparative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exosomal miR-222-3p derived from dermal papilla cells inhibits melanogenesis in melanocytes by targeting SOX10 in rabbits.Animal bioscience · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles and their mimetics: clinical application prospects in medical aesthetics.Burns & trauma · 2025Article
- The Role of Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomes in Human Health and Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Anti-Melanogenic Activities ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exosome-based immunotherapy as an innovative therapeutic approach in melanoma.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Potential in exosome-based targeted nano-drugs and delivery vehicles for posterior ocular disease treatment: from barriers to therapeutic application.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Advances in the isolation and characterization of milk-derived extracellular vesicles and their functions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Exosomal Non-coding RNAs: A New Approach to Melanoma Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategy.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Alternatives of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as potential therapeutic platforms.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Micro RNA profiles in colostrum exosomes obtained from primiparous or multiparous dairy cows.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Exosome-derived microRNAs: emerging players in vitiligo.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Application of Milk Exosomes for Musculoskeletal Health: Talking Points in Recent Outcomes.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Exosomes participate in intercellular communication by transferring molecules from donor to recipient cells. Exosomes are found in various body fluids, including blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and milk. Milk exosomes contain many endogenous microRNA molecules. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs and have important roles in biological processes. The specific biological functions of milk exosomes are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of milk exosomes on melanin production in melanoma cells and melanocytes. We found that milk exosomes decreased melanin contents, tyrosinase activity and the expression of melanogenesis-related genes in melanoma cells and melanocytes. Bovine-specific miR-2478 in exosomes inhibited melanin production. We found that Rap1a is a direct target gene of miR-2478 in melanoma cells and melanocytes. MiR-2478 overexpression decreased Rap1a expression, which led to downregulated melanin production and expression of melanogenesis-related genes. Inhibition of Rap1a expression decreased melanogenesis through the Akt-GSK3β signal pathway. These results support the role of miR-2478 derived from milk exosomes as a regulator of melanogenesis through direct targeting of Rap1a. These results show that milk exosomes could be useful cosmeceutical ingredients to improve whitening.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.