ArticleCancers2021
Landmark Cancer Clinical Trials and Real-World Patient Populations: Examining Race and Age Reporting.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends in participant race and sex reporting in lung cancer phase III clinical trials.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Trial
- Glioblastoma survival in rural America: a 10-year experience from a quaternary care center.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Representation of Women, Older Adults, and Racial and Ethnic Minoritized Patients in Pivotal Trials for US Food and Drug Administration Novel Oncology Therapeutic Approvals, 2012-2021: Bright Spot Trials and Trends Over Time.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- Article
- Understanding Associations Between Patient-Level Factors and Participation in a Breast Cancer Clinical Trial.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- The role of social, economic, and medical marginalization in cancer clinical trial participation inequities: A systematic review.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2025Review
- Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Multiple Myeloma: A Call to Action.Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology · 2024Review
- Real-World-Time Data and RCT Synergy: Advancing Personalized Medicine and Sarcoma Care through Digital Innovation.Cancers · 2024Review
- Unlocking the Power of Benchmarking: Real-World-Time Data Analysis for Enhanced Sarcoma Patient Outcomes.Cancers · 2023Article
- Partnering With All Patients: Ensuring Shared Decision Making and Evidence-Based Management for Underrepresented Groups With Multiple Myeloma.American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and survival factors for sarcoma patients in minority populations: a SEER-retrospective study.Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology · 2023Article
- Metrics, baseline scores, and a tool to improve sponsor performance on clinical trial diversity: retrospective cross sectional study.BMJ medicine · 2023Article
- NURR1 Is Differentially Expressed in Breast Cancer According to Patient Racial Identity and Tumor Subtype.BioMedInformatics · 2022Article
- Patterns of Care and Data Quality in a National Registry of Black and White Patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConcern exists that the clinical trial populations differ from respective cancer populations in terms of their age distribution affecting the generalizability of the results, especially in underrepresented minorities. We hypothesized that the clinical trials that do not report race are likely to suffer from a higher degree of age disparity.
methodsFood and Drug Administration (FDA) drug approvals from July 2007 to June 2019 were reviewed to identify oncology approvals, and trials with age details were selected. The outcomes studied were the weighted mean difference in age between the clinical trial population and real-world population for various cancers, the prevalence of race reporting and association of age and race reporting with each other.
resultsOf the 261 trials, race was reported in 223 (85.4%) of the trials, while 38 trials (14.6%) had no mention of race. Race reporting improved minimally over time: 29 (85.3%) in 2007-2010 vs. 49 (80.3%) in 2011-2014 vs. 145 (85.4%) during the period 2015-2019 (
conclusionThe study demonstrates that a significant number of clinical trials leading to cancer drug approvals suffer from racial and age disparity when compared to real-world populations, and that the two factors may be interrelated. We recommend continued efforts to recruit diverse populations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.