ReviewCancers2021
Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder Cancer.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment strategies for locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma based on molecular profiles: A Review.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- The hypoxic ECM and neutrophils in MIBC immunotherapy resistance.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment-driven drug resistance in urologic cancers: mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Genes & genomics · 2026Review
- Research progress in augmentation strategies for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in bladder cancer: from biological determinants to clinical applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Role of the tumor microenvironment in promoting treatment resistance in urothelial carcinoma (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Novel therapeutic strategies for non-small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Risk Score Model of Aging-Related Genes for Bladder Cancer and Its Application in Clinical Prognosis.JCO clinical cancer informatics · 2025Article
- Exploring the microRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with solasonine in bladder cancer.Translational andrology and urology · 2024Article
- Machine learning identifies the role of SMAD6 in the prognosis and drug susceptibility in bladder cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Moscatilin Reverses EMT Progression and its Resulting Enhanced Invasion and Migration by Affecting the TGF-β Signaling Pathway in Bladder Cancer.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Biomarkers and computational models for predicting efficacy to tumor ICI immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The prognostic significance and immune characteristics of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) family: A pan-cancer multi-omics analysis.Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine · 2024Article
- The bladder cancer immune micro-environment in the context of response to immune checkpoint inhibition.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Prognostic value of COL10A1 and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in urothelial bladder cancer: A comprehensive study based on bioinformatics and clinical analysis validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The Upregulation of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor β/Smad Signaling in Bladder Carcinoma Cells.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The role of miR-145-5p in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumor-associated macrophages and selection of immunochemotherapy.Journal of thoracic disease · 2022Article
- A novel prognostic model based on cellular senescence-related gene signature for bladder cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Distinct immune and inflammatory response patterns contribute to the identification of poor prognosis and advanced clinical characters in bladder cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Prognostic implications of necroptosis-related long noncoding RNA signatures in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Comprehensive Analysis of a Cancer-Immunity Cycle-Based Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Patients With Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bladder cancer accounts for nearly 200,000 deaths worldwide yearly. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) accounts for nearly 90% of cases of bladder cancer. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of treatment in the first-line setting for locally advanced or metastatic UC. More recently, the treatment paradigm in the second-line setting was drastically altered with the approval of several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Given that only a small subset of patients respond to ICI, further studies have been undertaken to understand potential resistance mechanisms to ICI. One potential resistance mechanism that has been identified in the setting of metastatic UC is the TGF-β signaling pathway. Several pre-clinical and ongoing clinical trials in multiple advanced tumor types have evaluated several therapies that target the TGF-β pathway. In addition, there are ongoing and planned clinical trials combining TGF-β inhibition with ICI, which may provide a promising therapeutic approach for patients with advanced and metastatic UC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.