ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Phantosmia, Parosmia, and Dysgeusia Are Prolonged and Late-Onset Symptoms of COVID-19.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Smell in Covid-19 and Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline
Stellate Ganglion Block With Lidocaine for the Treatment of COVID-19-Induced Parosmia: Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Stellate Ganglion Block for the Treatment of COVID-19-Induced Parosmia: Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Oral Manifestations in the Post COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Pooled it
- The assessment of qualitative olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review of tools and their content validity.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Saline Nasal Irrigation Plus Theophylline for Treatment of COVID-19-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: The SCENT2 Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2022Trial
- Self-Reported Smell and Taste Disorders in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Austria, Germany and Switzerland.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Review
- Viral destruction of the olfactory mucosa elicits immune residence, bone metaplasia, and long-term smell loss.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Unveiling the Oral Lesions, Dysgeusia and Osteonecrosis Related to COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction among postpartum women and impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.Chemical senses · 2025Article
- Acute phantosmia as the first manifestaton of brain metastases in a patient with breast cancer. Case report.BioMedicine · 2025Article
- Gabapentin improves parosmia after COVID-19 infection.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2023Article
- Persistent post-COVID-19 smell loss is associated with immune cell infiltration and altered gene expression in olfactory epithelium.Science translational medicine · 2022Article
- Two-Year Follow-Up on Chemosensory Dysfunction and Adaptive Immune Response after Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a Cohort of 44 Healthcare Workers.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Approaches to the Neurologic Manifestations of COVID-19.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Article
- Olfactory dysfunction and COVID-19.Operative techniques in otolaryngology--head and neck surgery · 2022Article
- Cross-sectional analysis of clinical aspects in patients with long-COVID and post-COVID syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Parosmia Is Positively Associated With Problematic Drinking, as Is Phantosmia With Depressive Symptoms.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Deficiencies in smell and taste are common symptoms of COVID-19. Quantitative losses are well surveyed. This study focuses on qualitative changes such as phantosmia (hallucination of smell), parosmia (alteration of smell), and dysgeusia (alteration of taste) and possible connections with the adaptive immune system. Subjective experience of deficiency in taste and smell was assessed by two different questionnaires after a median of 100 and 244 days after first positive RT-PCR test. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels were measured with the iFlash-SARS-CoV-2 assay. After 100 days a psychophysical screening test for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was administered. 30 of 44 (68.2%) participants reported a chemosensory dysfunction (14 quantitative, 6 qualitative, 10 quantitative, and qualitative) during COVID-19, eleven (25.0%) participants (1 quantitative, 7 qualitative, 3 quantitative, and quantity) after 100 days, and 14 (31.8%) participants (1 quantitative, 10 qualitative, 3 quantitative and qualitative) after 244 days. Four (9.1%) participants, who were symptom-free after 100 days reported now recently arisen qualitative changes. Serological and T-cell analysis showed no correlation with impairment of taste and smell. In conclusion, qualitative changes can persist for several months and occur as late-onset symptoms months after full recovery from COVID-19-induced quantitative losses in taste and smell.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.