ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nanohydroxyapatite and its composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering application: a systematic review.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- LIPUS combined with mild hyperthermia promotes rotator cuff healing via TRPV1/CaJournal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Article
- Topographical design principles for osteochondral tissue engineering.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Cryogel-based therapeutic platforms for disease modification in osteoarthritis.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Biophysical signal-driven scaffold design for stem cell-guided osteochondral regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Enhancing the osteogenic potential of 3D-printed polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds via in-situ ZIF-8 surface modification.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Article
- Review 3D-Printed hydrogels for tissue engineering: a review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Pediatric physeal repair: from immune-angiogenic-osteogenic coupling to zonal biomimetic scaffolds.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Chondrogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration: Advances and Future Perspectives.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Review
- Recent Developments in Osteoarthritis Research: Innovative Therapeutic Approaches and the Role of Polyphenols and Nanotechnology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Modern Approach to Testing the Biocompatibility of Osteochondral Scaffolds in Accordance with the 3Rs Principle─PreclinicalACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Biomimetic multizonal scaffolds for the reconstruction of zonal articular cartilage in chondral and osteochondral defects.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Mechanical and Physical Characterization of a Biphasic 3D Printed Silk-Infilled Scaffold for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Article
- Advancements in the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Review
- Advances in Additive Manufactured Scaffolds Mimicking the Osteochondral Interface.Advanced nanobiomed research · 2024Article
- Controlled Mechanical Property Gradients Within a Digital Light Processing Printed Hydrogel-Composite Osteochondral Scaffold.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Enhanced effects of slowly co-released TGF-β3 and BMP-2 from biomimetic calcium phosphate-coated silk fibroin scaffolds in the repair of osteochondral defects.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Chitosan/Hyaluronan and Alginate-Nanohydroxyapatite Biphasic Scaffold as a Promising Matrix for Osteoarthritis Disorders.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2024Article
- High temperature oxidation treated 3D printed anatomical WE43 alloy scaffolds for repairing periarticular bone defects:Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- 3D printed osteochondral scaffolds: design strategies, present applications and future perspectives.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) defects are debilitating joint injuries characterized by the loss of full thickness articular cartilage along with the underlying calcified cartilage through to the subchondral bone. While current surgical treatments can provide some relief from pain, none can fully repair all the components of the OC unit and restore its native function. Engineering OC tissue is challenging due to the presence of the three distinct tissue regions. Recent advances in additive manufacturing provide unprecedented control over the internal microstructure of bioscaffolds, the patterning of growth factors and the encapsulation of potentially regenerative cells. These developments are ushering in a new paradigm of 'multiphasic' scaffold designs in which the optimal micro-environment for each tissue region is individually crafted. Although the adoption of these techniques provides new opportunities in OC research, it also introduces challenges, such as creating tissue interfaces, integrating multiple fabrication techniques and co-culturing different cells within the same construct. This review captures the considerations and capabilities in developing 3D printed OC scaffolds, including materials, fabrication techniques, mechanical function, biological components and design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.