ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Possible Role of Pineal and Extra-Pineal Melatonin in Surveillance, Immunity, and First-Line Defense.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Melatonin-Hydrogel Delivery Systems for Effective Treatments of Periodontitis: Translational Perspectives from Material Designs to Clinical Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Melatonin Targets Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis: Optimizing the Intracellular Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Diurnally-Regulated Corticosterone and Melatonin Inversely Control Endotoxin-Induced Acute Immune Responses.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Rethinking Melatonin Dosing: Safety and Efficacy at Higher-than-Usual Levels in Aged Patients with Sleep Disturbances and Comorbidities.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Melatonin Interplay in Physiology and Disease-The Fountain of Eternal Youth Revisited.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- UBC4: A Repurposed Drug Regimen for Adjunctive Use During Bladder Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- To determine melatonin, cytokines, and sleep index in type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Melatonin's Impact on Wound Healing.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Chronobiotic and cytoprotective activity of melatonin in the cardiovascular system. Doses matter.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2024Review
- Blunted Melatonin Circadian Rhythm in Parkinson's Disease: Express Bewilderment.Neurotoxicity research · 2024Review
- Melatonin and Vascular Function.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Melatonin as a multifunctional modulator: emerging insights into its role in health, reproductive efficiency, and productive performance in livestock.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin in the Regulation of Ferroptosis: A Review of Current Evidence.Current drug targets · 2024Review
- Melatonin Prevents Alcohol- and Metabolic Dysfunction- Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Mitigating Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Endotoxemia.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Looking beyond Self-Protection: The Eyes Instruct Systemic Immune Tolerance Early in Life.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Melatonin increases collagen content accumulation and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 secretion in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2023Article
- Melatonin and Cytokines Modulate Daily Instrumental Activities of Elderly People with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Impaired Melatonin Secretion, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Night Shift Work.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Therapeutic potential of melatonin and its derivatives in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.Biogerontology · 2023Review
- Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology: A Role for Melatonin in This New Paradigm.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes that acts as the darkness hormone, translating environmental lighting to the whole body, and as a moderator of innate and acquired defense, migration, and cell proliferation processes. This review evaluates the importance of pineal activity in monitoring PAMPs and DAMPs and in mounting an inflammatory response or innate immune response. Activation of the immune-pineal axis, which coordinates the pro-and anti-inflammatory phases of an innate immune response, is described. PAMPs and DAMPs promote the immediate suppression of melatonin production by the pineal gland, which allows leukocyte migration. Monocyte-derived macrophages, important phagocytes of microbes, and cellular debris produce melatonin locally and thereby initiate the anti-inflammatory phase of the acute inflammatory response. The role of locally produced melatonin in organs that directly contact the external environment, such as the skin and the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, is also discussed. In this context, as resident macrophages are self-renewing cells, we explore evidence indicating that, besides avoiding overreaction of the immune system, extra-pineal melatonin has a fundamental role in the homeostasis of organs and tissues.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.