ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Spatiotemporal arising of molecular and functional blood-brain barrier properties in the developing Gallus gallus optic tectum.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- NimA promotes cell adhesion at the blood brain barrier of the Drosophila nervous system.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Cetoleic acid and other long-chain unsaturated fatty acids as neuroprotective nutraceuticals.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Review
- Effect of aging and Varroa parasitism on the paracellular and transcellular permeability of the honeybee blood-brain barrier.PloS one · 2026Article
- Invertebrate glial barriers as a model for understanding blood-brain barrier evolution.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- Evolutionary Trajectories of Consciousness: From Biological Foundations to Technological Horizons.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of Tick-BorneInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular Motors in Blood-Brain Barrier Maintenance by Astrocytes.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Species-specific blood-brain barrier permeability in amphibians.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Importance of Modulating Kynurenic Acid Metabolism-Approaches for the Treatment of Dementia.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Mosquito- and tick-borne orthoflaviviruses cross anFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Advancing through the blood-brain barrier: mechanisms, challenges and drug delivery strategies.ADMET & DMPK · 2025Review
- The Progress in Molecular Transport and Therapeutic Development in Human Blood-Brain Barrier Models in Neurological Disorders.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- TheFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- A multiscale approach reveals elaborate circulatory system and intermittent heartbeat in velvet worms (Onychophora).Communications biology · 2023Article
- Methods to Induce Analgesia and Anesthesia in Crustaceans: A Supportive Decision Tool.Biology · 2023Review
- Homemade: building the structure of the neurogenic niche.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Delivery of RNAs to Specific Organs by Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The need to protect neural tissue from toxins or other substances is as old as neural tissue itself. Early recognition of this need has led to more than a century of investigation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Many aspects of this important neuroprotective barrier have now been well established, including its cellular architecture and barrier and transport functions. Unsurprisingly, most research has had a human orientation, using mammalian and other animal models to develop translational research findings. However, cell layers forming a barrier between vascular spaces and neural tissues are found broadly throughout the invertebrates as well as in all vertebrates. Unfortunately, previous scenarios for the evolution of the BBB typically adopt a classic, now discredited '
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.