ReviewBiomedicines2021
Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges?
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Loss of short-form Ron promotes B and T cell cooperation to prevent outgrowth of breast cancer bone metastasis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Roles of V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation-mediated immunoregulation in tumor immune escape (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Activating mutations in ESR1 contribute to an immunosuppressive breast tumor microenvironment by dampening cytokine secretion.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Identification of Early Symptoms Associated with Subsequent Immune-related Adverse Events in the I-SPY clinical trial.Research square · 2026Article
- Harnessing albumin's natural tumor-targeting properties: nanoplatform strategies for triple-negative breast cancer therapy.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Overcoming resistance to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy: mechanisms, combination strategies, and future directions.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Identification of N6-Methyladenosine-Associated lncRNAs and Analysis of Prognostic Signature in Breast Cancer.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Clinical, sociodemographic, and facility-related determinants of immunotherapy use in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- The Genomic and Biologic Landscapes of Breast Cancer and Racial Differences.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Tumor-intrinsic CDC42BPB confers resistance to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Breast cancer immunotherapy: Realities and advances.Cancer innovation · 2024Review
- Enhancing therapeutic efficacy: sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) via thiolated chitosan nanoparticles targeting CD44 in triple-negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Modulation of the tumor microenvironment and mechanism of immunotherapy-based drug resistance in breast cancer.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Engineering exosomes to reshape the immune microenvironment in breast cancer: Molecular insights and therapeutic opportunities.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- The breast cancer tumor microenvironment and precision medicine: immunogenicity and conditions favoring response to immunotherapy.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2024Review
- Tumor immune microenvironment-based clusters in predicting prognosis and guiding immunotherapy in breast cancer.Journal of biosciences · 2024Article
- Natural products as promising modulators of breast cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Identifying CEACAM1 as a potential prognostic biomarker for basal-like breast cancer by bioinformatics analysis andJournal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptors in breast cancer immunity and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- A new 4-gene-based prognostic model accurately predicts breast cancer prognosis and immunotherapy response by integrating WGCNA and bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cause of cancer death among women worldwide and, although there have been significant advances in BC therapies, a significant percentage of patients develop metastasis and disease recurrence. Since BC was demonstrated to be an immunogenic tumor, immunotherapy has broken through as a significant therapy strategy against BC. Over the years, immunotherapy has improved the survival rate of HER2+ BC patients due to the approval of some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and, recently, Margetuximab, along with the antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) Trastuzumab-Emtansine (T-DM1) and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) showed promising efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment, namely Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab. Despite the success of immunotherapy, some patients do not respond to immunotherapy or those who respond to the treatment relapse or progress. The main causes of these adverse events are the complex, intrinsic or extrinsic resistance mechanisms. In this review, we address the different immunotherapy approaches approved for BC and some of the mechanisms responsible for resistance to immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.