ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Tryptophan Metabolism in Bipolar Disorder in a Longitudinal Setting.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Allostatic and Circadian Drives in Patients with Bipolar Disorder in Depressive Episodes or with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Versus Healthy Controls: Neuroendocrine Comparison Through Cortisol and 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin Overnight Urine Excretion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The kynurenine pathway in depression and schizophrenia: convergent signals, divergent states, and clinical signatures.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Cognitive impairment and pain in depression: The mediating role of the kynurenine pathway.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Inflammatory and Oxidative Biological Profiles in Mental Disorders: Perspectives on Diagnostics and Personalized Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Artificial Intelligence-Based Methods and Omics for Mental Illness Diagnosis: A Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- An expert narrative review on the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in multi-organ crosstalk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Cognitive abilities and psychosocial functioning in bipolar disorder: findings from the BIPLONG study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Toxoplasma gondii IgG serointensity and cognitive function in bipolar disorder.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2024Article
- Changes in tryptophan breakdown associated with response to multimodal treatment in depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Vitamin D Status in Bipolar Disorder.Nutrients · 2023Article
- The association of kynurenine pathway metabolites with symptom severity and clinical features of bipolar disorder: An overview.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022Review
- The Role of Tryptophan Metabolites in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Is Poor Lithium Response in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder Associated with Increased Degradation of Tryptophan along the Kynurenine Pathway? Results of an Exploratory Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Tryptophan metabolism: Mechanism-oriented therapy for neurological and psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Tracking TRYCAT: A Critical Appraisal of Kynurenine Pathway Quantifications in Blood.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory processes and oxidative stress are involved in the aetiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD) and weight-associated comorbidities. Tryptophan breakdown via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) along the kynurenine axis concomitant with a pro-inflammatory state was found to be more active in BD, and associated with overweight/obesity. This study aimed to investigate tryptophan metabolism in BD compared to controls (C), stratified by weight classes, in a longitudinal setting, dependent on the incidence of BD episodes. Peripheral tryptophan, kynurenine, and neopterin were assessed in the serum of 226 BD individuals and 142 C. Three samples in a longitudinal assessment were used for 75 BD individuals. Results showed a higher kynurenine/tryptophan in both BD compared to C and overweight compared to normal weight persons. Levels remained stable over time. In the longitudinal course, no differences were found between individuals who were constantly euthymic or not, or who had an illness episode or had none. Findings indicate that tryptophan, kynurenine, and IDO-1 activity may play a role in pathophysiology in BD but are not necessarily associated with clinical manifestations. Accelerated tryptophan breakdown along the kynurenine axis may be facilitated by being overweight. This may increase the risk of accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites, impacting BD symptomatology, cognition, and somatic comorbidities.
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