ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
β-Defensin 2, an Antimicrobial Peptide, as a Novel Biomarker for Ulcerative Interstitial Cystitis; Can β-Defensin 2 Suspect the Dysbiosis of Urine Microbiota?
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Etiology of Hunner Lesions: Linking Immune Dysregulation and Chronic Inflammation in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor in diagnosis and follow-up of overactive bladder in women: A prospective analytical study in a tertiary care center experience.Asian journal of urology · 2026Article
- Circulating Beta-Defensin 2 Levels Correlate with Conventional Inflammatory Markers in Infection-Free Individuals with Overweight and Obesity: An Exploratory Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Untargeted Metabolomics Pilot Study Using UHPLC-qTOF MS Profile in Sows' Urine Reveals Metabolites of Bladder Inflammation.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Editorial: Special Issue "Biomarkers in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS)".Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As urine is not sterile, inflammatory reactions caused by dysbiosis of the urinary microbiota may induce interstitial cystitis. A study was conducted to determine whether β-defensin 2 (BD-2), a specific antimicrobial peptide in the bladder, could be used as a novel diagnostic marker for ulcerative interstitial cystitis (IC). Urine samples from three female groups were examined: healthy controls (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.