Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34828627›Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Differences in Perceived Occupational Stress by Demographic Characteristics, of European Emergency Medical Services Personnel during the COVID-19 Virus Pandemic-An International Study.

Tomasz Ilczak, Małgorzata Rak, Kacper Sumera, Carl Robert Christiansen, Esther Navarro-Illana, Pasi Alanen, Juha Jormakka, Elena Gurková, Darja Jarošová, Danka Boguská and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Tomasz IlczakDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2478-9045
Małgorzata RakDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
Kacper SumeraFaculty of Health Social Care & Medicine, School of Nursing Midwifery & Allied Health, Edge Hill University, Manchester M1 6FQ, UK.
Carl Robert ChristiansenFaculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167 Oslo, Norway.
Esther Navarro-IllanaDepartment of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6350-3113
Pasi AlanenFaculty of Social and Health Care, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, 60100 Seinäjoki, Finland.
Juha JormakkaEMA Finland, Nuijamiestentie 3C, 00400 Helsinki, Finland.
Elena GurkováDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University in Olomouc, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-5629-9414
Darja JarošováDepartment of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, CZ-70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-3032-3076
Danka BoguskáDepartment of Urgent Health Care, Faculty of Health Care, University of Prešov in Prešov, SK-08001 Prešov, Slovakia.
Michał ĆwiertniaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9576-8095
Monika MikulskaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
Wioletta Pollok-WakmańskaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7141-5981
Rafał BobińskiDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
Marek KaweckiDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought commercial, social, and economic consequences in every country that has experienced substantial SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. The complete change in the environment that took place due to the outbreak of the pandemic can lead to stressful situations, especially among healthcare personnel. MATERIAL AND

methodsThe research were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic between the 27 March 2020 and the 20 April 2020. The research included 1984 employees of emergency medical systems in seven European countries. An internet-based questionnaire format was adopted for the study (ΩMc-Donald > 0.7).

resultsThe highest level of stress was experienced by personnel in the United Kingdom M = 4.03, and the lowest by Norwegian employees M = 2.89. High levels of stress were also experienced by nurses from Spain and Poland. Women actively working in the healthcare system during the pandemic experienced higher stress levels than men.

conclusionsWomen working in European emergency medical systems are more vulnerable to work-related stress, while carrying out emergency medical procedures during the pandemic. Differences in the level of stress experienced while carrying out duties in pre-hospital conditions were only found among Spanish emergency medical system personnel.

Indexed as

COVID-19 pandemicemergency medical servicesemergency proceduresmedical professionalsoccupational stresspredictors of stress

Identifiers

PMID34828627
PMCPMC8622048

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.