Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34828490›Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021

How Income Inequality and Race/Ethnicity Drive Obesity in U.S. Adults: 1999-2016.

Hossein Zare, Danielle R Gilmore, Ciana Creighton, Mojgan Azadi, Darrell J Gaskin, Roland J Thorpe

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Hossein ZareDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5832-0854
Danielle R GilmoreTrachtenberg School of Public Policy and Administration, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Ciana CreightonOffice of the Deputy Mayor for Health and Human Services, DC Government, Washington, DC 20004, USA.
Mojgan AzadiSchool of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Darrell J GaskinDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Roland J ThorpeDepartment of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · USGeorge Washington University · USGovernment of the District of Columbia · US

Funding

NIMHD NIH HHS 90094496
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Obesity is a major public health problem both globally and within the U.S. It varies by multiple factors, including but not limited to income and sex. After controlling for potential covariates, there is little evidence to determine the association between income and obesity and how obesity may be moderated by sex and family income. We examined the association between income and obesity in U.S. adults aged 20 years and older, and tested whether this relationship differs by race or ethnicity groups. For this analysis, we used data from the 1999-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Obesity was determined using Body Mass Index ≥ 30 kg/m

Indexed as

Gini coefficientincome inequalityobesityracial disparities

Identifiers

PMID34828490
PMCPMC8618490
OpenAlexW3208339852

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.