Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34828172›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Algorithmic Approaches for Assessing Irreversibility in Time Series: Review and Comparison.

Massimiliano Zanin, David Papo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Symmetry in Signals: A New Insight.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Gait analysis under the lens of statistical physics.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Massimiliano ZaninInstituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (CSIC-UIB), Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5839-0393
David PapoDepartment of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1889-2791

Funding

European Research Council 851255Spanish State Research Agency MDM-2017-0711
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The assessment of time irreversibility, i.e., of the lack of invariance of the statistical properties of a system under the operation of time reversal, is a topic steadily gaining attention within the research community. Irreversible dynamics have been found in many real-world systems, with alterations being connected to, for instance, pathologies in the human brain, heart and gait, or to inefficiencies in financial markets. Assessing irreversibility in time series is not an easy task, due to its many aetiologies and to the different ways it manifests in data. It is thus not surprising that several numerical methods have been proposed in the last decades, based on different principles and with different applications in mind. In this contribution we review the most important algorithmic solutions that have been proposed to test the irreversibility of time series, their underlying hypotheses, computational and practical limitations, and their comparative performance. We further provide an open-source software library that includes all tests here considered. As a final point, we show that "one size does not fit all", as tests yield complementary, and sometimes conflicting views to the problem; and discuss some future research avenues.

Indexed as

irreversibilitynonlinearitytime-reversal symmetry

Identifiers

PMID34828172
PMCPMC8622570

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.