Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34827519›Full record

ArticleBrain sciences2021

Persistence of the Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep: A Longitudinal Study.

Maurizio Gorgoni, Serena Scarpelli, Anastasia Mangiaruga, Valentina Alfonsi, Maria R Bonsignore, Francesco Fanfulla, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Lino Nobili, Giuseppe Plazzi, Luigi De Gennaro and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Dreaming during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022
    Review
  8. The Oneiric Activity during and after the COVID-19 Total Lockdown in Italy: A Longitudinal Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  9. Dreams and nightmares during the pandemic.Somnologie : Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin = Somnology : sleep research and sleep medicine · 2022
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

Maurizio GorgoniDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5544-5483
Serena ScarpelliDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9260-7111
Anastasia MangiarugaDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9057-2883
Valentina AlfonsiDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9929-0399
Maria R BonsignorePROMISE Department, University of Palermo, and IRIB-CNR, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Francesco FanfullaSleep Medicine Unit, Clinical and Scientific Maugeri Institutes, Scientific Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8601-423X
Luigi Ferini-StrambiSleep Disorders Center, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20127 Milan, Italy.
Lino NobiliChild Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
Giuseppe PlazziDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Luigi De GennaroDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3613-6631
On Behalf Of The Board Of The Italian Association Of Sleep Medicine Aims
Sapienza University of Rome · ITFondazione Santa Lucia · ITIstituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri · ITIstituto Giannina Gaslini · ITUniversity of Bologna · ITUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia · ITUniversity of Palermo · ITVita-Salute San Raffaele University · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep have been widely documented, but longitudinal evaluations during different phases of the "COVID-19 era" are needed to disentangle the specific consequences of the r145estrictive measures on sleep variables. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate effect of the lockdown's end on sleep and sleep-related dimensions in an Italian sample, also considering the stress and depressive symptoms. We used an online survey to longitudinally collect data on sociodemographic, environmental, clinical, sleep, and sleep-related variables in two time points: during and immediately after the lockdown. The final sample included 102 participants. The large prevalence of poor sleep quality, clinically relevant pre-sleep arousal, and depressive symptoms, as well as poor sleep quality and pre-sleep arousal score observed during the lockdown, remained stable after its end. On the other hand, the prevalence of moderate-to-severe event-related stress and intrusive symptom scores exhibited a drastic reduction after the end of home confinement. Both bedtime and rise time were anticipated after the lockdown, while sleep quality exhibited only a trend of post-lockdown sleep disturbance reduction. Our findings point to a reduced stress level (specific for the intrusive symptomatology) after the end of the lockdown and persistence of sleep problems, suggesting two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses: (a) the strict restrictive measures are not the main cause of sleep problems during the pandemic and (b) home confinement induces long-lasting effects on sleep observable after its end, and a longer period of time might be needed to observe an improvement.

Indexed as

COVID-19depressioninsomnialockdownpandemicpre-sleep arousalsleepstress

Identifiers

PMID34827519
PMCPMC8615786
OpenAlexW3211384632

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.