Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34827257›Full record

ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Challenges to Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Countries of the Arab League: Concerns of Worsening Resistance during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Proposed Solutions.

Nesrine A Rizk, Rima Moghnieh, Nisrine Haddad, Marie-Claire Rebeiz, Rony M Zeenny, Joya-Rita Hindy, Gabriella Orlando, Souha S Kanj

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofInfectious disease reports · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Dramatic increase in consumption of antibiotics in Colombia, 2020-2023Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Observational
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Nesrine A RizkDivision of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-2043-7133
Rima MoghniehDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut P.O. Box 11-6301, Lebanon.
Nisrine HaddadPharmacy Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-2239-6240
Marie-Claire RebeizFaculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
Rony M ZeennyPharmacy Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-5443-7780
Joya-Rita HindyDivision of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
Gabriella OrlandoInfectious Disease Clinic, Policlinico University Hospital, 41122 Modena, Italy.
Souha S KanjDivision of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to worsen the global problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). There is a heightened interest in understanding this effect and to develop antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions accordingly to curb this threat. Our paper aims to evaluate the potential magnitude of COVID-19 on AMR and AMS with a focus on the countries of the Arab league, given the social, political, and economic environments. We also evaluate obstacles in applying the rational use of antibiotics, monitoring resistance trends in the midst of the pandemic, and evaluating the impact of the economic crisis in some countries. We aim to raise awareness about the potential effects of antibiotic overuse during the pandemic and to propose practical approaches to tackle this issue.

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistanceantimicrobial stewardshipArab countriesCOVID-19

Identifiers

PMID34827257
PMCPMC8614706

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.