Observational studyIndian journal of ophthalmology2021
Outdoor activity and myopia progression in children: A follow-up study using mixed-effects model.
Observational study in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of wearing dual-focus soft contact lenses on myopia progression: a one-year randomized clinical trial in Chinese school-age children.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Self-Reported Myopia Among Undergraduate Students in the Northern Region of Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Effects of high-intensity light on early lens-induced myopia in chicks: optical coherence tomography assessment.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Development and preliminary evaluation of a ciliary muscle-oriented motor imagery script for primary school children: a school-based cluster randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Myopia Prevalence and Associated Factors among Secondary School Students in Finote Selam Town, Northwest Ethiopia.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2025Article
- Associations of incident myopia and its development with related factors among school-aged children across different grades: a four-year longitudinal study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Optimizing myopia prediction in children and adolescents using machine learning: a multi-factorial risk assessment model.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison of the measurement properties and consistency between the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-Y-3L in adolescents aged 15-17 in China.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2024Article
- Bi-Gaussian analysis reveals distinct education-related alterations in spherical equivalent and axial length-results from the Gutenberg Health Study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Machine-learning models to predict myopia in children and adolescents.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Increasing prevalence of myopia and the impact of education in primary-school students in Xi'an, north-western of China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the influence of outdoor activity on myopia progression.
methodsIt was a hospital-based longitudinal prospective observational study. Children between 7 and 14 years of age with a myopia of - 0.5 D or worse were included. Myopia progression was evaluated by cycloplegic refraction, every 6 months for 18 months. Parents were asked to record the daily outdoor activity of the child in hours per day at school and at home during weekdays and at weekends separately, based on which the daily outdoor activity score was calculated. The independent variables measured included age and gender of the participant, degree of myopia, and the daily outdoor activity score. Progression of myopia was defined as an increase in the spherical equivalent (SE) over 18 months. The magnitude of the association was determined by two mixed-effects models.
resultsA total of 495 participants (250 males and 245 females) completed three visits during the study period. On taking age groups and paired observations as a random effect and adding SE at the last visit as the random slope in Model 1, each unit increase in outdoor activity had a negative effect on change in SE of - 0.01 (-0.02 to 0.00; P = 0.045). The same inverse relationship between outdoor activity and absolute SE as - 0.06 (-0.07 to - 0.03; P < 0.001) is estimated in Model 2.
conclusionThe study demonstrates a statistically significant inverse relationship between outdoor activity and myopia.
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