ArticleEBioMedicine2021
Chronic cannabis smoking-enriched oral pathobiont drives behavioral changes, macrophage infiltration, and increases β-amyloid protein production in the brain.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the oral microbiome's role in Alzheimer's disease: From pathophysiology to therapeutic potential.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Oral microbial profiles in young adults with cannabis use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Skin Microbiome alterations in heroin users revealed by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Gut and Oral Microbiomes in Psychoactive Substance Use: A Scoping Review of Clinical Studies.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Distinct circulating monocyte profiles in chronic cannabis users compared to cocaine users without changes in plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and LPS.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Targeting the Gut-Brain Axis with Plant-Derived Essential Oils: Phytocannabinoids and Beyond.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Associations of Chronic Marijuana Use with Changes in Salivary Microbiome.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- The adolescent and young adult microbiome and its association with substance use: a scoping review.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2024Article
- Buds and Bugs: A Fascinating Tale of Gut Microbiota and Cannabis in the Fight against Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association between oral microbial dysbiosis and poor functional outcomes in stroke-associated pneumonia patients.BMC microbiology · 2023Observational
- Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer's Disease.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- The Antimicrobial Properties of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Compounds and Relevance to CB2-Targeted Neurodegenerative Therapeutics.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Cocaine administration protects gut mucosa barrier and reduces plasma level of TNF-α.Current psychopharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about chronic cannabis smoking-associated oral microbiome and its effects on central nervous system (CNS) functions.
methodsIn the current study, we have analyzed the saliva microbiome in individuals who chronically smoked cannabis with cannabis use disorder (n = 16) and in non-smoking controls (n = 27). The saliva microbiome was analyzed using microbial 16S rRNA sequencing. To investigate the function of cannabis use-associated oral microbiome, mice were orally inoculated with live Actinomyces meyeri, Actinomyces odontolyticus, or Neisseria elongata twice per week for six months, which mimicked human conditions.
findingsWe found that cannabis smoking in humans was associated with oral microbial dysbiosis. The most increased oral bacteria were Streptococcus and Actinomyces genus and the most decreased bacteria were Neisseria genus in chronic cannabis smokers compared to those in non-smokers. Among the distinct species bacteria in cannabis smokers, the enrichment of Actinomyces meyeri was inversely associated with the age of first cannabis smoking. Strikingly, oral exposure of Actinomyces meyeri, an oral pathobiont, but not the other two control bacteria, decreased global activity, increased macrophage infiltration, and increased β-amyloid 42 protein production in the mouse brains.
interpretationThis is the first study to reveal that long-term oral cannabis exposure is associated oral enrichment of Actinomyces meyeri and its contributions to CNS abnormalities.
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Registered trials
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