ReviewJournal of applied genetics2022
Genetic testing-whether to allow complete freedom? Direct to consumer tests versus genetic tests for medical purposes.
Review in Journal of applied genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Are we properly evaluating genetic and genomic testing? A systematic review of health technology assessment reports.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A Novel Approach Using Microarray Testing as a Screening Method with Clinical Validation Using Whole-Genome Sequencing and Karyotyping for Identifying 46,XX Testicular Differences of Sex Development.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Emerging insights of decoding the genetic blueprint, molecular mechanisms, and future horizons in precision medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Outcomes from a Novel Approach to Studying Consumer Genetic Testing for Germline Cancer and Cardiovascular Risk.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2025Article
- The Polygenic Nature of Multiple Sclerosis: Genetic Variants, Immunological Modulation, and Environmental Connections.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Policy Guidance for Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Services: Framework Development Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Review
- Association of Glycoprotein IIIa PlA1/A2 Polymorphism with Risk of Stroke: Updated Meta-Analysis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Obesity and Nutrigenetics Testing: New Insights.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Genetic services survey-experience of people with rare diseases and their families accessing genetic services in the Irish Republic.Journal of community genetics · 2023Article
- An Environmental Scan of Consumer-Initiated Germline Genetic Testing for Health Risks.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2023Review
- Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Direct-to-consumer tests opened the opportunity of genetic testing without medical supervision, e.g., without medical referral and medical interpretation of the results. Thus, these approaches allow for free access to information concerning individual genetic profile increasing the area of personal freedom, but also posing the risk of false (positive and negative) or misinterpreted results along with health and psychological negative consequences. The paper discusses medical and non-medical applications of DTC, exploring also the legal framework implemented by European states and organizations. These legal acts strive to control the developing DTC market through such basic principles as patient protection, informed consent, medical information confidentiality, and the rights to know and to refuse knowledge about one's genetic predispositions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.