ArticleClinical oral investigations2022
Effect of extended light activation and increment thickness on physical properties of conventional and bulk-filled resin-based composites.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of repeated preheating of bulk-fill resin composite on postoperative hypersensitivity; a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- Effect of high irradiance and short exposure curing time on the fracture toughness of bulk-fill resin-based composite: an in vitro study.Restorative dentistry & endodontics · 2026Article
- Evaluation of light output from light-curing units used in a public oral health service in Brazil.Brazilian dental journal · 2026Article
- Assessment of compressive and flexural properties of three contemporary bulk fill resin composites.Acta odontologica latinoamericana : AOL · 2025Article
- Difference in light transmittance and depth of cure of flowable composite depending on tooth thickness: an in vitro experimental study.Restorative dentistry & endodontics · 2025Article
- Composite monomer conversion and microhardness using short curing times.Brazilian dental journal · 2025Article
- Influence of light exposure techniques on in vitro pulp temperature rise during bulk fill composite Class I restorations.Odontology · 2024Article
- Influence of Layer Thickness and Shade on the Transmission of Light through Contemporary Resin Composites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effect of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through traditional or flowable resin-matrix composites for restorative dentistry.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Thickness-Dependent Light Transmittance and Temperature Rise in Dual-Cure Bioactive and Light-Cure Bulk-Fill Composite Resins.Polymers · 2023Article
- Characterization and effectiveness of a violet LED light for in-office whitening.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Article
- Aging-Dependent Changes in Mechanical Properties of the New Generation of Bulk-Fill Composites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the biaxial flexural strength (BFS), flexural modulus (BFM), and Knoop microhardness (KHN) of incremental and bulk-filled resin-based composites (RBCs) using extended curing exposure times. MATERIALS AND
methodsDisc specimens (n = 8; 6-mm diameter) were fabricated using three stacked molds (0.5-mm thick for the top and bottom molds, and a 1-mm-thick center mold for the conventional and 3-mm thick for the bulk-fill RBCs). Conventional (Tetric EvoCeram/TCE and Filtek Z250/FIZ) and bulk-fill RBCs (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill/TBF and Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative/FOB) were evaluated. The stacked RBC-filled molds were light-cured for (1) the manufacturer-recommended exposure (MRE) duration; (2) 50%, and (3) 100% extension of the MRE. The BFS, BFM, and KHN of the top and bottom discs were measured. BFS and BFM were analyzed by three-way ANOVA (material*curing time*depth) and Tukey's post hoc (α = 0.05). KHN was analyzed by two-way ANOVA (curing time*depth) and Tukey's post hoc (α = 0.05).
resultsExtending the exposure duration did not change the BFS and BFM on the top of the RBCs, but the BFS and KHN increased at the bottom of bulk-fill RBCs. For the conventional RBCs, TCE showed the highest increase on BFS at the bottom, going from 53.6 MPa at T1 to 69.9 at T3. Among the bulk-fill RBCs, FOB presented the highest increase on the bottom BFS (T1: 101.0 ± 19.9 MPa, T3: 147.6 ± 12.9 MPa). For all RBCs and exposure times, BFS and KHN were lower at the bottom. Only FIZ and FOB reached a bottom-to-top hardness ratio of 80%, at T3 and T2.
conclusionA significant increase on the BFS and KHN on the bottom of bulk-fill RBCs can be observed when the time of exposure to the curing light is double the MRE. However, extended exposure does not eliminate differences on the BFS and KHN between the shallow and deep regions of RBCs. TCE and TBF failed to reach an acceptable B/T hardness ratio at all evaluated exposure times. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mechanical properties of RBCs can be affected by insufficient polymerization, specially at deeper regions of the increment. Therefore, clinicians should consider applying twice the MRE to curing-light to polymerize the maximal increment thickness of bulk-fill RBCs.
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