ReviewNeuropsychology review2022
Cognitive Intra-individual Variability in HIV: an Integrative Review.
Review in Neuropsychology review, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Associations of cognitive intraindividual variability with Alzheimer's disease risk: A systematic review.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2026Pooled it
- Cognitive Intra-individual Variability in Cognitively Healthy APOE ε4 Carriers, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease: a Meta-analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Social Cognition Among People Living with HIV: Implications for Non-Social Cognition and Social Everyday Functioning.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive intra-individual variability in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review.Applied neuropsychology. AdultPooled it
- A 2-year longitudinal randomized controlled trial examining the transfer of speed of processing training to secondary cognitive domains in middle-aged and older adults with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: Results of the think fast study.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2024Trial
- Exploring the potential of cognitive intra-individual variability in HIV care and research in adults with HIV: a concept analysis.Applied neuropsychology. Adult · 2026Review
- Cognitive dispersion profiles and prediction of cognitive change in early-onset dementias: Results from LEADS.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The relationship between arthritis and mild cognitive impairment in different obese metabolic heterogeneity populations-the mediating role of depression.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Dispersion-based cognitive intra-individual variability in former American football players: Association with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, repetitive head impacts, and biomarkers.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Article
- Social cognition abilities in people with HIV: the role of stigma and other factors.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Review
- Episodic memory and inhibitory control in people who inject substances results of cohort COSINUS study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Interactive effects of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity and hypertension on cognitive dispersion in older Vietnam-Era veterans with history of post-traumatic stress disorder.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2025Article
- Article
- Executive Functions are Independently Associated with Cognitive Dispersion in HIV Disease.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Article
- Altered angular gyrus activation during the digit symbol substitution test in people living with HIV: beyond information processing speed deficits.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Brief Report of an Executive Functioning Training Pilot RCT in Adults with HIV: A Descriptive Case Comparison Study.Nursing (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Executive Functioning Training for Reducing Cognitive Intra-Individual Variability in People Living with HIV: A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Trial Protocol.Nursing (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Exploring the relationship between mean performance and within-person variability on smartphone-based cognitive testing in adults across the lifespan.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2025Article
- Does cognitive intra-individual variability predict change in everyday functioning performance in women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study?Applied neuropsychology. Adult · 2024Article
- Self-perceived cognitive fluctuations and their relationship to everyday functioning in older adults with and without HIV disease.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nearly 30-50% of people living with HIV experience HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). HAND indicates performance at least one standard deviation below the normative mean on any two cognitive domains. This method for diagnosing or classifying cognitive impairment has utility, however, cognitive intraindividual variability provides a different way to understand cognitive impairment. Cognitive intraindividual variability refers to the scatter in cognitive performance within repeated measures of the same cognitive test (i.e., inconsistency) or across different cognitive tests (i.e., dispersion). Cognitive intraindividual variability is associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in various clinical populations. This integrative review of 13 articles examined two types of cognitive intraindividual variability in people living with HIV, inconsistency and dispersion. Cognitive intraindividual variability appears to be a promising approach to detect subtle cognitive impairments that are not captured by traditional mean-based neuropsychological testing. Greater intraindividual variability in people living with HIV has been associated with: 1) poorer cognitive performance and cognitive decline, 2) cortical atrophy, both gray and white matter volume, 3) poorer everyday functioning (i.e., driving simulation performance), specifically medication adherence, and 4) even mortality. This inspires future directions for research. First, greater cognitive intraindividual variability may reflect a greater task demand on executive control to harness and regulate cognitive control over time. By improving executive functioning through cognitive training, it may reduce cognitive intraindividual variability which could slow down cognitive decline. Second, cognitive intraindividual variability may be reconsidered in prior cognitive intervention studies in which only mean-based cognitive outcomes were used. It is possible that such cognitive interventions may actually improve cognitive intraindividual variability, which could have clinical relevance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.