ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2022
Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat-free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database.
Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leg fat-to-total fat ratio improves waist-to-height ratio for discriminating metabolic syndrome: a nationwide cross-sectional study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in the Relationship between Body Composition and Insulin Resistance in Older Adults.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Muscle Mass Moderates Metabolic Syndrome Risk Associated with Adiposity: A SHAP-Based Machine Learning Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Associations of Body Composition and Physical Function With Incident Diabetes in Older Adults: A 14-Year Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
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- Association between morphological and mechanical properties of lower limb muscles and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Exploring the relationship between fat mass index and metabolic syndrome among cancer patients in the U.S: An NHANES analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Impact of Physical Activity on Weight Loss in Relation to the Pillars of Lifestyle Medicine-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Fat-Free Mass: Friend or Foe to Metabolic Health?Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Review
- The lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio is negatively associated with cardiometabolic disorders: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Agreement between equation-derived body fat estimator and bioelectrical impedance analysis for body fat measurement in middle-aged southern Indians.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- A cohort study on the predictive capability of body composition for diabetes mellitus using machine learning.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
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- Article
- Associations between 47 anthropometric markers derived from a body scanner and relative fat-free mass in a population-based study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Correlation between tooth decay and insulin resistance in normal weight males prompts a role for myo-inositol as a regenerative factor in dentistry and oral surgery: a feasibility study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Physical activity in metabolic syndrome.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Early prediction of body composition parameters on metabolically unhealthy in the Chinese population via advanced machine learning.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat-free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is well established that body composition influences metabolic health, but emerging data are conflicting with the largely purported idea that a large fat-free mass (FFM) has a protective effect on health. A potential explanation for these discrepancies is the way FFM is represented. The first objective is to determine the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and FFM when the latter was represented in three different ways: 1-absolute FFM; 2-relative to squared height (FFMi); and 3-relative to body weight (FFM%). The second objective is to assess the impact of FFM on the relative risk of having the MetS after taking fat mass, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables into account.
methodsA total of 5274 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database were studied. Age-specific and sex-specific quartiles of the three representations of FFM were defined, and the prevalence of MetS was determined in each of them. Quartiles of FFMi (kg/m
resultsThe prevalence of MetS decreased with increasing quartiles of whole-body FFM% (Q1: 40%; Q4: 10%) but grew with increasing quartiles of absolute FFM (Q1: 13%; Q4: 40%) and FFMi (Q1: 10%; Q4: 44%). Similar results were observed for appendicular and truncal FFM. The odds ratios of having the MetS, independently of fat mass, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables, were significantly greater in the fourth quartile of FFMi when compared with the first quartiles of each specific subgroup [Q4 vs. Q1: younger men: 4.16 (1.99-8.68); younger women: 5.74 (2.46-13.39); older men: 1.98 (1.22-3.22); older women: 2.88 (1.69-4.90); all P ≤ 0.01].
conclusionsThese results support the notion that the representation of FFM significantly influences its association with MetS and that a larger FFM, whether absolute or relative to height, is associated with alterations in cardiometabolic health.
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