ReviewHerz2022
[Guidelines of the ESC 2021 on heart failure].
Review in Herz, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of vericiguat in heart failure: a meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of new hypoglycemic drugs on patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Prediabetes in acute stroke: prevalence and impact on early clinical outcomes.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2025Article
- Assessing volume status in heart failure: The role of renal duplex ultrasound in evaluating cardiorenal morbidity and heart failure mortality.Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures) · 2025Article
- Two Coupled Continuous-Flow Ventricular Assist Devices as a Novel BIVAD With One Driveline: Acute Animal Study Results.Artificial organs · 2025Article
- The outcome of possible events following the hospital discharge of patients with HFmrEF after MI as compared with those with HFmrEF without MI: a propensity score matching analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Fulminant type 1 diabetes with Shock rescue: a case report.Endocrine · 2024Article
- The prognostic value of the visually assessed time difference between mitral valve and tricuspid valve opening score for patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction.Clinical cardiology · 2024Article
- Effect of sacubitril-valsartan on left ventricular remodeling and NT-proBNP in patients with heart failure complicated with hypertension and reduced ejection fraction.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Article
- Sex differences in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Red cell distribution width (RDW) is correlated to time of oxygen desaturation < 90% and length of sleep apneas in patients with sleep disorder breathing (SDB) and acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Qishen Yiqi dropping pills improve cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via the lncRNA TINCR/miR-193b-3p/RORA axis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2022Article
- The Application of Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Bibliometric Review From 2000 to 2022.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The new 2021 guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure include a new terminology for heart failure (HF) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of 41-49%. This group of patients is now defined as HF with mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF; formerly mid-range). For this form of HF there are now for the first time recommendations for treatment with the standard medications, which are also used for HFrEF. Also new is a class I recommendation for the treatment of HFrEF patients with or without diabetes mellitus with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). It must be emphasized that all HFrEF patients should be treated with a combination of four drugs consisting of an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, beta blocker, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) and SGLT2i. The primary treatment with ARNI can also be considered without the previous use of an ACE inhibitor. Primary prophylactic implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) continues to be a class I indication for patients with an EF of 35% or less in cases of ischemic cardiomyopathy; however, in cases of a non-ischemic cause there is a class IIa indication. This article summarizes these and further important novelties of the 2021 ESC guidelines taking the underlying clinical studies into account.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.