Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34824290›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Deciphering the generating rules and functionalities of complex networks.

Xiongye Xiao, Hanlong Chen, Paul Bogdan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Graph-Theory Approach to Element Miscibility and Alloy Design.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Topological Environment in Genetic and Metabolic Networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Polygenic prediction and gene regulation networks.Royal Society open science · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Network bypasses sustain complexity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Case report: Cortico-ocular interaction networks in NBA2K.Frontiers in network physiology · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xiongye Xiao *Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA.
Hanlong Chen *Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA.
Paul BogdanMing Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA. pbogdan@usc.edu.

Funding

DARPA Young Faculty Award and DARPA Director Award N66001-17-1-4044NSF award CCF-1837131
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Network theory helps us understand, analyze, model, and design various complex systems. Complex networks encode the complex topology and structural interactions of various systems in nature. To mine the multiscale coupling, heterogeneity, and complexity of natural and technological systems, we need expressive and rigorous mathematical tools that can help us understand the growth, topology, dynamics, multiscale structures, and functionalities of complex networks and their interrelationships. Towards this end, we construct the node-based fractal dimension (NFD) and the node-based multifractal analysis (NMFA) framework to reveal the generating rules and quantify the scale-dependent topology and multifractal features of a dynamic complex network. We propose novel indicators for measuring the degree of complexity, heterogeneity, and asymmetry of network structures, as well as the structure distance between networks. This formalism provides new insights on learning the energy and phase transitions in the networked systems and can help us understand the multiple generating mechanisms governing the network evolution.

Identifiers

PMID34824290
PMCPMC8616909

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.