Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34824238›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Dormant spores sense amino acids through the B subunits of their germination receptors.

Lior Artzi, Assaf Alon, Kelly P Brock, Anna G Green, Amy Tam, Fernando H Ramírez-Guadiana, Debora Marks, Andrew Kruse, David Z Rudner

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Germination ofJournal of bacteriology · 2025
    Article
  10. Characterization of germinant receptors ofCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Microbial life in slow and stopped lanes.Trends in microbiology · 2024
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lior ArtziDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Assaf AlonDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-5290
Kelly P BrockDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Anna G GreenDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Amy TamDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Fernando H Ramírez-GuadianaDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-5274
Debora MarksDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Andrew KruseDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-1222
David Z RudnerDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. david_rudner@hms.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-7143
Harvard University · US

Funding

Chromosome Dynamics in Bacillus SubtillsR01GM086466 · NIGMS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI RUDNER, DAVID Z · 2009 to 2021
$4.2M
Cell Envelope Homeostasis in Bacillus subtilisR01GM127399 · NIGMS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI RUDNER, DAVID Z · 2019 to 2022
$1.4M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM086466NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM127399
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteria from the orders Bacillales and Clostridiales differentiate into stress-resistant spores that can remain dormant for years, yet rapidly germinate upon nutrient sensing. How spores monitor nutrients is poorly understood but in most cases requires putative membrane receptors. The prototypical receptor from Bacillus subtilis consists of three proteins (GerAA, GerAB, GerAC) required for germination in response to L-alanine. GerAB belongs to the Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation superfamily of transporters. Using evolutionary co-variation analysis, we provide evidence that GerAB adopts a structure similar to an L-alanine transporter from this superfamily. We show that mutations in gerAB predicted to disrupt the ligand-binding pocket impair germination, while mutations predicted to function in L-alanine recognition enable spores to respond to L-leucine or L-serine. Finally, substitutions of bulkier residues at these positions cause constitutive germination. These data suggest that GerAB is the L-alanine sensor and that B subunits in this broadly conserved family function in nutrient detection.

Indexed as

AlanineAmino AcidsBacillus subtilisBacterial ProteinsBinding SitesGene Expression Regulation, BacterialLigandsMembrane ProteinsModels, MolecularMutationSpores, BacterialAlanineAmino AcidsBacterial ProteinsGerAB protein, Bacillus subtilisLigandsMembrane Proteins

Identifiers

PMID34824238
PMCPMC8617281
OpenAlexW3217099680

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.