ArticleJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2022
LGI1 antibody encephalitis: acute treatment comparisons and outcome.
Article in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Recurrence of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of immunotherapy and prognosis in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients: A meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Seizure outcome-related factors in autoimmune encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The safety and efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Trial
- Optimizing the Use of Anti-CD20 Agents in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Central Nervous System Disorders: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Long-Term Outcomes in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Nationwide, Clinical Study in Denmark.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Immune context and treatment timing associated with seizure freedom after rituximab in autoimmune limbic encephalitis.iScience · 2026Article
- Basal Ganglia Lesion Associated With Faciobrachial Dystonic Seizures (FBDS) in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: A Clinicopathological Case Report.Neuropathology and applied neurobiology · 2026Article
- Neuroimmunology of Epilepsy: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Clinical Insights.Epilepsy currents · 2026Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis in Acute Care-Pathology, Diagnosis, and Management.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Adjunctive Mediterranean Diet in a Middle-Aged Male With Autoimmune Encephalitis and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures: A Longitudinal Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Combination Versus Monotherapy in Acute Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: A Real-World Dose Optimization Analysis.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- Protocol for Neuro-Oncology Anywhere: Deploying Mayo Clinic's remote cognitive assessment battery and wearable device monitoring platform while assessing the impact of metformin on cognition and quality of life in patients with history of cranial radiation.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Neuronal autoantibodies in neurodegenerative dementia: From evidence to clinical framework.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Review
- A Case of LGI1-Antibody Limbic Encephalitis Presenting With Faciobrachial Dystonic Seizures.Cureus · 2026Article
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset LGI1-Antibody Encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Comparing the efficacy of first-line immunotherapies in autoimmune encephalitis: a scoping review.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Preliminary observations on the efficacy of efgartigimod in anti-LGI1-associated autoimmune encephalitis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Relapse risk and functional outcomes in anti-LGI1 encephalitis: A multicenter retrospective analysis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare acute treatment responses and long-term outcome in leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody encephalitis.
methodsRetrospective case series of 118 patients with LGI1 antibody encephalitis evaluated at Mayo Clinic across all US sites from 1 May 2008 to 31 March 2019. Patient clinical data were identified and analysed through the neuroimmunology laboratory and electronic medical record. LGI1 antibody detection was by cell-based indirect immunofluorescence assay of serum, cerebrospinal fluid or both. Clinical outcomes were faciobrachial dystonic seizure (FBDS) resolution, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, Kokmen Short Test of Mental Status (STMS) score (0-38 point scale) and neuropsychometric testing results.
resultsCompared with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) (n=21), patients treated with single-agent acute corticosteroids (intravenous, oral or both) (n=49) were more likely to experience resolution of FBDS (61% vs 7%, p=0.002) and improvements in mRS score (ΔmRS score 2 vs 0, p=0.008) and median Kokmen STMS scores (ΔKokmen STMS score 5 points vs 0 points, p=0.01). In 54 patients with long-term follow-up (≥2 years), the median mRS score was 1 (range 0-6) and the median Kokmen STMS score was 36 (range 24-38) after all combinations of immunotherapy. Neuropsychometric testing in 32 patients with long-term follow-up (≥2 years) demonstrated short-term memory impairments in 37%.
conclusionsCorticosteroids appeared more effective acutely than IVIg in improving LGI1 antibody encephalitis in this retrospective comparison of immunotherapies. While improvement with immunotherapy is typical and long-term outcome is favourable, short-term memory deficits are noted in approximately a third of the patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.