Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34824100›Full record

ArticleOpen heart2021

Implementation of an early rule-out pathway for myocardial infarction using a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T assay.

Dennis Sandeman, Maaz B J Syed, Dorien M Kimenai, Kuan Ken Lee, Atul Anand, Shruti S Joshi, Lorraine Dinnel, Philip R Wenham, Ken Campbell, Mary Jarvie and 12 more

Open access · goldAbstract readControlled Clinical Trial
In one paragraph

Article in Open heart, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Stress: A Historical Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Dennis SandemanCardiology Department, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4100-6447
Maaz B J SyedDivision of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Dorien M KimenaiBritish Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1591-1352
Kuan Ken LeeBritish Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Atul AnandBritish Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6428-4554
Shruti S JoshiBritish Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9874-6211
Lorraine DinnelCardiology Department, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK.
Philip R WenhamBiochemistry Department, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK.
Ken CampbellBiochemistry Department, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK.
Mary JarvieBiochemistry Department, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK.
Donna GallowayBiochemistry Department, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK.
Mhairi AndersonBiochemistry Department, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK.
Bappa RoyEmergency Department, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK.
Jack P M AndrewsBritish Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4593-9655
Fiona E StrachanBritish Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6224-5757
Amy V FerryBritish Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0500-4441
Andrew R ChapmanBritish Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1926-5925
Sarah ElsbyInformation Services, NHS Fife, Dunfermline, UK.
Mark FrancisCardiology Department, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK.
Robert CargillCardiology Department, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK.
Anoop S V ShahLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2825-3419
Nicholas L MillsBritish Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK nick.mills@ed.ac.uk.
NHS Fife · GBBritish Heart Foundation · GBLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBUniversity of Edinburgh · GB

Funding

British Heart Foundation CH/F/21/90010British Heart Foundation FS/16/14/32023British Heart Foundation FS/18/25/33454British Heart Foundation FS/18/31/33676British Heart Foundation FS/19/17/34172British Heart Foundation RG/20/10/34966Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPatients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) concentrations below the limit of detection at presentation are low risk. We aim to determine whether implementing this approach facilitates the safe early discharge of patients.

methodsIn a prospective single-centre cohort study, consecutive patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome were included before (standard care) and after (intervention) implementation of an early rule-out pathway. During standard care, myocardial infarction was ruled out if hs-cTnT concentrations were <99th centile (14 ng/L) at presentation and at 6-12 hours after symptom onset. In the intervention, patients were ruled out if hs-cTnT concentrations were <5 ng/L at presentation and symptoms present for ≥3 hours or were ≥5 ng/L and unchanged within the reference range at 3 hours. We compared duration of stay (efficacy) and all-cause death at 1 year (safety) before and after implementation.

resultsWe included 10 315 consecutive patients (64±16 years, 46% women) with 6642 (64%) and 3673 (36%) in the standard care and intervention groups, respectively. Duration of stay was reduced from 534 (IQR, 220-2279) to 390 (IQR, 218-1910) min (p<0.001) after implementation. At 1 year, all-cause death occurred in 10.9% (721 of 6642) and 10.4% (381 of 3673) of patients in the standard care group (referent) and intervention group, respectively (adjusted OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.18).

conclusionIn patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, implementing an early rule-out pathway using hs-cTnT concentrations <5 ng/L at presentation reduced the duration of stay in hospital without compromising safety.

Indexed as

Early DiagnosisAgedBiomarkersCause of DeathFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionPredictive Value of TestsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsTime FactorsTroponin TUnited KingdomBiomarkersTroponin Tacute coronary syndromebiomarkerschest pain

Identifiers

PMID34824100
PMCPMC8627412
OpenAlexW3216829962

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.